蝶豆功能性游離胺基酸萃取及其微膠囊化錠劑製作

現代人健康意識抬頭，常以保健食品作為預防疾病的第一道防線，功能性胺基酸食品也逐漸受到重視。支鏈胺基酸 (BCAA)、γ-胺基丁酸( GABA)、麩醯胺酸 (glutamine, Gln)及天門冬醯胺酸 (Asparagine, Asn)等為常見的功能性胺基酸，可調節關鍵性代謝途徑，以改善生物的健康，維持全身的動態平衡。近年來蝶豆 (Clitoria ternatea L.) 因富含花青素而被廣泛研究，但其胺基酸成份之相關研究甚少。故本研究對於蝶豆之功能性胺基酸分為三部分進行探討，第一部分為比較蝶豆不同部位(花、莖、葉子、種子)之胺基酸分佈，試圖找出功能性胺基酸較高之部位，並比較不同部位萃取液之抗氧化能力(DPPH自由基清除力、FRAP還原力)及成分(總多酚及總類黃酮)、色澤分析。第二部分以最適部位進行不同萃取方法(靜置萃取、超音波、高壓處理200 mPa及400 mPa)之功能性胺基酸含量、抗氧化與色澤及色素之探討。第三部分再將較佳萃取條件之萃液以壁材濃度10%、5%、2%，探討其微膠囊包埋率，並以田口法與感官品評製作蝶豆胺基酸錠，以應用於機能性產品之開發。結果顯示，蝶豆不同部位中，以花具有較高的的總游離胺基酸及豐富的Asn含量，各達約4%及2%，而該部位也具有最高的DPPH自由基清除力與總多酚含量、BCAA、GABA及Gln含量，且各功能性胺基酸之間多具有顯著的相關性。蝶豆花經200 mPa與400 mPa高壓萃取處理者之總游離胺基酸含量，較超音波萃取含量高出1.55倍及1.45倍。功能性胺基酸萃出量以200 mPa > 400 mPa > 超音波萃取者，且以200 mPa高壓處理者之各功能性胺基酸含量皆較超音波萃取者高1.3-2倍，而高壓處理者 (200 mPa)也具有較高的FRAP還原力、DPPH自由基清除力及總酚含量，但高壓處理之花青素含量則較超聲波萃取者下降了22-26%。蝶豆花不同萃取方法中，總游離胺基酸、總酚及花青素之間具有顯著的高度相關性，DPPH與FRAP具有高度正相關。在微膠囊方面，壁材濃度10%、5%、2%中，包埋率皆高達96-99 %，因此以壁材濃度2%之微膠囊粉末進行製錠，而錠劑經由田口法與感官品評可得到最適之配方，故蝶豆花胺基酸錠是值得開發的蝶豆花新產品。

關鍵字

蝶豆；功能性胺基酸；高壓處理；微膠囊化

並列摘要

Due to the rising of health awareness, modern humans often use health foods as the first line of defense against disease, and the functional amino acid food has been taken seriously gradually. Some amino acids such as branched chain amino acids (BCAA), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamine and asparagine (Asn) are functional amino acids (FAA) which can regulate key metabolic pathways to improve health, growth and reproduction. Clitoria ternatea (CT) with common name, butterfly pea, has been widely studied because of its anthocyanin-rich petal. However, very little research has been done on its amino acid composition. In this study, the functional amino acids of the local CT were investigated. The first part was to compare the distribution of amino acids in different parts of the plant (flowers, stems, leaves, seeds), and compare their antioxidant components (total polyphenols and flavonoids) and capacities (DPPH free radical scavenging power, FRAP reducing power). In the second part, we discussed the effects of different extraction methods such as static extraction, ultrasonic and high pressure processing (HPP) with 200 mPa and 400 mPa on functional amino acid content and antioxidant capacities. In the third part, microencapsulation was conducted to protect the extract, and the amino acid tablets were further produced by the Taguchi method and the sensory evaluation. The results showed that the flowers of the butterfly peas possess very high total free amino acid with abundant Asn content, up to about 4% and 2%, respectively. The flower also showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging power, total polyphenol content, BCAA, GABA, and Gln content. Significant correlations among various functional amino acids were also found. As the effect of extraction method, the total free amino acid content was higher in the sample treated with HPP than that in the ultrasonic sample, around 1.55 and 1.45 times for 200mPa and 400 mPa, respectiveely. The FAA content was also higher in the HPP sample than in ultrasonic samples. Furthermore, sample treated with HPP 200 mPa exhibited the highest FRAP, DPPH scavenging and total phenols and total flavonoids. In terms of microencapsules, the encapsulating efficiency was found up to 96-99% with 2%-10% wall material concentration. The microencapsulation powder was further made into tablet with the Taguchi method and the sensory evaluation. Therefore the tablet high in FAA from butterfly pea is a new product that worth developing.

並列關鍵字

Clitoria ternatea ； Functional amino acids ； High Pressure Processing ； Microencapsulation

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