- 學位論文
四種植物製粉末製成之燻蒸劑對綠豆象及四紋豆象之活性及忌避效果
Fumigant Activity and Repellency of Four Plant Powders Against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) and C. maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
摘要
紅豆象鼻蟲(Callosobruchus chinensis (L.))及菜豆象鼻蟲(C. maculatus (F.))是造成熱帶國家儲存豆類嚴重損害的主要害蟲。這類型的昆蟲會由豆類內部侵蝕，造成重量減少、種子發芽率降低、汙染、品質下降、引發黴菌生長。使用天然的產品防治象鼻蟲遠比使用化學或系統性殺蟲劑或燻蒸劑(溴化甲烷、磷化氫)更具永續發展及安全性。在四種植物(丁香、羅勒、檸檬草、薑黃)製燻蒸劑粉末當中，對象鼻蟲之毒性因劑量不同而有差異。此外，分別使用較高(3克/容器)或較低(1克/容器)之丁香製粉末能使象鼻蟲成體的壽命、繁殖能力及第一子代的數量減至最低。 使用固相微萃取並用氣相層析質譜法(SPME-GC/MS)分析後找出丁香中之主要揮發性有機物(VOCs)為丁香油酚(48.64%)及石竹烯(43.09%)，這兩種成分或許可以解釋丁香燻蒸劑對綠豆象(C. chinensis)及四紋豆象(C. maculatus)造成之毒性之生物參變數。防蟲測試的結果上雖依物種不同而有不同的結果，但總體來說，在高劑量的情況下，四種植物粉末燻蒸劑皆能有效的忌避此兩種實驗物種。這項結果指出，在受控實驗條件下，丁香有其燻蒸毒性，而其他植物在高劑量的情況下也可能可以作為環境友善的驅蟲劑，防治綠豆象(C. chinensis)及四紋豆象(C. maculatus)。
並列摘要
Adzuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis (Linnaeus) and cowpea weevil, C. maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) are major pests that cause serious damage to storage beans in most of the tropical countries. These internal feeder insects cause damage such as weight decrease, seed germination decrease, contamination, heating of commodity, quality loss, and mold growth. Using natural products as an alternative to control storage pests is a much safer method than chemical or synthetic insecticides as fumigant i.e. methyl bromide and phosphine. Fumigant toxicity of four plant powders (clove, holy basil, lemongrass, and turmeric) varied amongst dosages. Of these, clove treatment showed the lowest adult longevity, fecundity, and number of F1 progeny at both lower and higher dosage, 1 g and 3 g/container respectively. The major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in clove were eugenol (48.64 %) and caryophyllene (43.09 %) by solid phase microextraction followed with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) analysis. These two major constituents might explain the fumigant toxic activities of clove towards C. chinensis and C. maculatus biological parameters. While repellency test results showed varied amongst both species were used. In general, four plant powders showed high repellency against both species at higher dosage. The results indicate that all four plant powders can be used as an effective repellent at higher dosage as a potential environmentally friendly management of C. chinensis and C. maculatus population under the laboratory conditions.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
- 李盈瑩、侯金日（2011）。陰離子型聚丙烯醯胺對四種草坪草種子發芽之影響。中華民國雜草學會會刊，32(1)，35-49。https://doi.org/10.6274/WSSROC-2011-032(1)-035
- 陳淑敏（2009）。以固態發酵製備蛹蟲草大豆製品及其呈味性質與生理活性〔碩士論文，亞洲大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0118-1511201215462919
- 程宛琳（2018）。植物生長調節劑及生物刺激物之濃度對四季蘭根莖增殖之影響〔碩士論文，國立屏東科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6346/THE.NPUST.PI.008.2018.D04
- 鄭仲良、蕭文鳳（2016）。Demographic characteristics of Aspidomorpha miliaris (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on six Convolvulaceae plants at different temperatures。台灣昆蟲，36(1)，25-32。https://doi.org/10.6662/TESFE.2016004
- 林俊耀、洪淑彬（2004）。Effects of Intraspecific and Interspecific Male Interference and Density on Reproduction and Longevity of the Bean Weevils Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) and C. maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)。台灣昆蟲，24(1)，v+53-63。https://doi.org/10.6661/TESFE.2004005