從萎縮城市探究台中市東勢客庄農村發展之策略

在全球化的脈絡下，人們思想轉變，生活型態也隨之改變，各種社會問題更是接踵而出，少子化、青壯年人口外移及高齡化社會之問題在許多開發中國家出現。國內外近幾年來提出的「萎縮城市(Shrinking Cities)」理論即為人口少子化、高齡化、產業發展衰退及社會經結構萎縮，主要從人口、產業經濟及社會型態三個面向去探究。本研究首先回顧「萎縮城市」理論及其相關研究、台灣農業政策與農村發展；其次蒐集人口特性、產業特性資料並盤整東勢客庄農業發展演變，再利用地理資訊系統(Geographic Information System,GIS)進行疊圖分析，呈現各個時期東勢客庄人口特性、產業特性、土地及農地變遷，以分析東勢客庄農村萎縮成因與類型；其三，透過與當地農民與農業相關機構之主管，進行訪談，以理解東勢客庄自日治時期以來，各階段社會經濟特性的發展，以及面臨的課題；最後，透過對國內社區營造及客庄農村再生成功案例的業者、客家主管機關及專精農業學者的訪談，提出相對應的農村發展策略。研究結果顯示，東勢客庄在人口、產業、土地利用皆受台灣農業政策及脈絡影響，且獨特的地理環境造就東勢客庄發展高經濟價值作物的優勢；再者透過研究分析東勢客庄其萎縮成因主要為人口的衰退與老化，在人口面向有著顯著的萎縮，但在產業經濟及空間土地利用面向較無明顯萎縮；另外，透過產、官、學界的深度訪談，本研究歸納出幾項東勢客庄農村發展之策略方向，期望提供公部門與地方團體未來方向參考。

關鍵字

萎縮城市；東勢客庄；地理資訊系統；農村發展；疊圖分析

並列摘要

The wave of globalization has changed us in lifestyle and thinking, and many developed countries are facing social problems such as declining birthrate, sub-replacement fertility, population aging, and migration of middle-aged people. Therefore, European and American countries have proposed smart Shrinking in recent years. First, this study reviews the theory of shrinking cities and related research,reviews agricultural policy and rural development. Secondly, sorting out the population characteristics and industrial development of Dong-shi District in different periods and reorganize the evolution of agriculture development in Hakka Village. Third, using overlay analysis via geographic information system, presenting the characteristics of land use and the changes and evolution of agricultural land use. The study also tries to discover the causes and types of rural shrinkage in Dongs-hi District; Afterwards, through interviews with local farmers and the supervisors of agricultural institutions to understand the development of the social and economic characteristics of Dong-shi District since the Japanese occupation period. Finally, through interviews with successful community empowerment cases, Hakka rural regeneration, agriculture institutions, and the rural development strategies are proposed. The study has found that the population growth, industry development, and land use of Dong-shi District are heavily affected by Taiwan's agricultural policies. The local characteristics of the idiographic geographical environment and Hakka culture make Dong-shi District have p high-value crops. Besides, from the perspectives of population, industrial economy, and social pattern, Dong-shi District's shrinkage is mainly due to the population's decline and aging. There is significant shrinkage in population; however, there is still growth in the industrial plant economy and agricultural land use. The main reason for shrinkage is population decline and population aging. Finally, through qualitative interviews with industry experts, government supervisors, and academia scholars, this study summarizes that Dong-shi rural development strategies and possible directions at various stages, including the movement of 'please, thank you, sorry' and regional industrial forum, community empowerment, and environmental explanation training in the initial stage. To Obtain the certification of environmental education-hub during the growth period, and to introduce the concept of that to be not just a traveler and not residents stay in the local village at the same time, the operation of social enterprises and local cooperation, and so forth, as well as sustainable development, food and farming education, Six-grade Industry development model, and regional strategic cooperation. Finally, We hope to provide strategies for the future direction of the public sector and local organizations.

並列關鍵字

the Shrinking Cities ； Hakka Village ； Geographic Information System ； Rural Development ； Overlay Analysis

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