改善仙丹花著果率及多倍體育種之研究

Study of improvement on the fruit set and polyploidy breeding for Ixora spp.

賴喬聆(Lai Chiao-Lin)

指導教授 ： 黃倉海

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/農園生產系所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST202100487

摘要

仙丹花(Ixora)是常見的盆花及景觀植物，在自然界中很少著果，而花粉活力是影響著果重要的因素。因此本研究主要探討溫度及蔗糖濃度對仙丹花原生種及商業品種花粉活力之影響，試驗維持花粉活力之方式、雜交之適當授粉時段及提高著果率之方式，另瞭解誘變藥劑對誘導芽體多倍體化之適當濃度。試驗結果顯示中國仙丹(Ixora chinensis) 以30℃及30%蔗糖濃度為適當的花粉發芽條件，花粉發芽率為1.0%；‘Gillettes Yellow’、‘Declorens’、 ‘Jungle Flame Red’、 ‘Jungle Flame Yellow’、 Ixora × westii、‘Dwarf Yellow’等品種花粉發芽之適當條件為25-30℃及10-30%之蔗糖濃度；‘Gillettes Red’以35℃及10%蔗糖濃度為適宜花粉發芽之條件；而‘Super King’、‘Sunkist’花粉在20℃及0%蔗糖濃度下發芽率最高。所有參試品種的花粉發芽率以早上6-8點為最高，自中午12點後開始下降，其中‘Gillettes Yellow’、‘Declorens’、‘Dwarf Yellow’及‘Sunkist’可以藉由套袋並保濕的方式，來維持花粉活力至當天下午6點，花粉仍具0.75%發芽率，對照組的花粉至中午12點即無活力。
此外，於冬季期間進行授粉之著果率較夏季佳，其中以Ixora chinensis為母本與‘Declorens’、‘Gillettes Yellow’ 及‘Gillettes Red’能成功雜交。以‘Declorens’為母本能與Ixora chinensis、‘Jungle Flame Yellow’、‘Dwarf Yellow’及‘Sunkist’能成功雜交，其雜交之著果率介於1.7-31.0%，冬季平均溫度為23.5℃，與仙丹花物種及品種最適之花粉發芽溫度有關。
而在著果率表現上，Ixora chinensis בDeclorens’、Ixora chinensis × ‘Gillettes Yellow’、 ‘Declorens’ × Ixora chinensis、 ‘Declorens’ × ‘Gillettes Yellow’、‘Declorens’ × ‘Jungle Flame Yellow’、‘Declorens’ × ‘Dwarf Yellow’及 ‘Declorens’ × ‘Sunkist’ 七個雜交組合中，授粉2次可以較授粉1次提高0.2-13.5%之著果率。Ixora chinensis בDeclorens’、 ‘Declorens’× Ixora chinensis、Ixora chinensis בGillettes Yellow’、Ixora chinensis בGillettes Red’、‘Declorens’בDwarf Yellow’及‘Declorens’בSunkist’六個雜交組合可透過花序預先套袋保濕處理，可以增加相對濕度，使有效授粉時間延長至下午4點，並能提高著果率。
仙丹花‘Jungle Flame Yellow’ 的側芽以1% colchicine羊毛脂膏進行處理2次或0.01% oryzalin、0.075% trifluralin以點滴法處理，可以獲得6.6-10.0%的型態變異率，誘變株表現型相較於對照組植株的葉片及小花較為圓潤，葉片厚度、小花直徑、花瓣長度、花瓣寬度、花筒長度、花筒直徑較對照組增加0.5-1倍，葉片氣孔較對照組大，氣孔密度較對照組低。

關鍵字

溫度 ； 花粉發芽率 ； 雜交 ； 套袋 ； 保濕 ； 誘變率

並列摘要

Ixora is a common potted flower and landscape plant. The plants are rarely fruit setting in nature environment. The pollen viability is an important factor affecting fruit setting. Therefore, the aims of this study were (1) that investigating effects of temperature and sucrose concentration on percentage of pollen germination of Ixora species and commercial cultivars, (2) testing the ways to maintain pollen viability, the appropriate pollination period of hybridization, and the ways to improvement the fruit setting, and also (3) discussing the effects concentration of mutagenic agents on inducing polyploidy from lateral buds of ixora cultivars. The results showed that the 30°C and 30% sucrose concentration were suitable conditions for pollen germination of Ixora chinensis, and the percent of pollen germination was 1.0%. The ‘Gillettes Yellow’, ‘Declorens’, ‘Jungle Flame Red’, ‘Jungle Flame Yellow’, Ixora x westii and ‘Dwarf Yellow’ were highest percentage of pollens germination at 25-30°C and 10-30% sucrose concentration. The suitable conditions for pollen germination of ‘Gillettes Red’ was cultured at 35°C and 10% sucrose concentration. The percentage of pollen germination of ‘Super King’ and ‘Sunkist’ was highest at 20℃ and 0% sucrose concentration. The percentage of pollen germination was decreased with high temperature and low relative humidity for all tested cultivars. The pollen viability of ‘Gillettes Yellow’, ‘Declorens’, ‘Dwarf Yellow’ and ‘Sunkist’ was maintained by bagging and humidifying treatment and the percentage of pollen germination was 0.75% at six o'clock in the afternoon of the day. However, pollen of the control group had no viability at 12 o'clock in the midday.
The fruit setting of hybridization in winter was higher than summer. The Ixora chinense as female parent can be successfully hybridized with ‘Declorens’, ‘Gillettes Yellow’ and ‘Gillettes Red’. The ‘Declorens’ as female parent can be successfully hybridized with Ixora chinensis, ‘Jungle Flame Yellow’, ‘Dwarf Yellow’ and ‘Sunkist’. The fruit setting was 1.7-31.0%. In winter with an average temperature of 23.5℃, and it’s related to the optimal temperature for pollen germination of Ixora species and cultivars.
For seven cross combinations which Ixora chinensis× ‘Declorens’, Ixora chinensis　× ‘Gillettes Yellow’, ‘Declorens’ × Ixora chinensis, ‘Declorens’　× ‘Gillettes Yellow’, ‘Declorens’ × ‘Jungle Flame Yellow’, ‘Declorens’ × ‘Dwarf Yellow’ and ‘Declorens’ × ‘Sunkist’, pollination twice treatment can increase the fruit setting by 0.2-13.5% compared with pollination once. The pollination time can be extended to 4 o'clock in the afternoon, and the fruit setting be improved by pre-bagged and humiditiation of inflorescence in six cross combinations which Ixora chinensis × ‘Declorens’, ‘Declorens’× Ixora chinensis, Ixora chinensis × ‘Gillettes Yellow’, Ixora chinensis × ‘Gillettes Red’, ‘Declorens’ × ‘Dwarf Yellow’ and ‘Declorens’ × ‘Sunkist’.
The mutation rate of 6.6-10.0% was obtained when the lateral buds of ‘Jungle Flame Yellow’ were treated twice with 1% colchicine lanolin or 0.01% oryzalin and 0.075% trifluralin by the drop method. The leaves and florets of the mutagenized plants were rounder than those of the control plants. The leaf thickness, floret diameter, petal length, petal width, flower tube length, and flower tube diameter of the mutagenized plant increased by 0.5-1 times compared with the control plants. The stomata of the mutagenized plants were larger than those of the control plants, and the stomata density was lower than that of the control plants.

並列關鍵字

Temperature ； Pollen germination rate ； Hybridization ； Bagging ； Humidification ； Mutation rate

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