社區森林養蜂訓練課程之學習需求研究

我國林地作為林下經濟經營使用已於2019年開放申請，第一波正面表列可實施項目包含森林養蜂、段木香菇和木耳、金線連。由於許多社區居民對於森林養蜂感到興趣，本研究針對林下經濟開放後，社區居民對於森林養蜂學習需求進行探討，以作為養蜂教案規劃之基礎。本研究以社區居民為研究對象，初擬一份以養蜂基礎教學為主軸的教案，並藉由社區林業中心辦理的林下養蜂訓練班，以來自臺灣各地之學員89人實施課後，以問卷調查學員對於教案課程設計之相關意見。又以15位學員進行訪談來深入了解上課學員的學習需求，並徵求專家意見諮詢，透過專家學者的專業見解來修正教案，希望能發展出適合社區居民學習的森林養蜂教案。研究結果發現，社區居民對於養蜂技術有學習上的需求，學員對養蜂的動機可分為配合政策導向需求、對自身和後代的生態環保需求、自我學習和工作上的知識需求、經濟利益需求、公部門輔導需求；而社區居民和專家學者對課程的共同建議為課程時間需要延長、課程內容也需要再加深加廣；最後將研究分析所得融入教案修訂，以使森林養蜂教案更臻完備。

關鍵字

里山倡議；林下經濟；森林養蜂；學習需求

並列摘要

The under-forest economy was legally implemented in Taiwan on April 18, 2019. The primarily listed projects included forest beekeeping, and cultivation of shiitake mushrooms, fungus, and Anoectochilus roxburghii. Many community residents had shown an interest in forest beekeeping since the policy of under-forest economy was put into force. Thus, this survey aims to study people’s demand for learning beekeeping and to provide foundation for future lesson plans of beekeeping to build on. First, we made a lesson plan teaching mainly the basics of beekeeping and opened the training courses by community forestry center. After the courses, we asked the 89 participants, who are community residents from places over Taiwan, to fill out the questionnaire to acquire comments and suggestions regarding the design and the correction of the curriculum teaching plan. And we had interview with 15 of them so as to have better understanding about what they wanted to learn from the courses. Also, we sought advice from some experts and scholars to help us in examining, revising, and improving the lesson plans, hoping to develop suitable forest beekeeping programs for community residents. The results suggested that community residents have learning needs for beekeeping techniques; students’ motivations for learning beekeeping could be generated from governmental policies, ecological and environmental concerns for themselves and future generations, self-learning and work requirements, economic interest, and public sector counseling. Both parties, the community residents and experts, had reached a consensus that the duration of training courses should be extended and the contents should be more in-depth. Last but not least, it is also important to ask for and integrate the feedback into the lesson plans to get closer to completion.