較高濃度的多酚類化合物和較低的農作物農藥殘留發生率關係初探—以拉曼光譜檢測為例

多酚類化合物具高抗氧化能力，可能對多種慢性疾病的發生，有預防的效果。過去統合分析研究指出: 「有機農業栽種出來的水果中，多酚類化合物的含量是非有機栽種的4.74倍。」但是，多酚類化合物在農作物中與農藥施用的關係，卻一直有所爭論。農作物的採收作業，將使得多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidase, PPO)與過氧化酶(Peroxidase, POD)活性大增，降低農作物上多酚類化合物的濃度，更何況採收作業還可區分為徒手摘取、工具輔助摘取以及機械化摘取等不同作業，不同的採收作業會對PPO與POD產生不同程度的誘發作用，不同的誘發作用將對多酚與農藥施用之間的關係，產生不容易釐清的干擾。因此，本研究採用半定量拉曼光譜分析方法，針對2處不同施用農藥程度農場裡的農作物，「即時、立刻、當下」在農場裡利用拉曼光譜分析農作物的農藥與多酚濃度，同時間也比對TAF認證實驗室的LC MS/MS農藥檢測結果及多酚比色法結果。結果發現在拉曼光譜波長1300-1400 cm-1的區間中，確實可以檢測到多酚的存在，本研究也首次使用拉曼光譜強度轉Z分數，成功應用於半定量多酚濃度的濃度次序，其結果與傳統多酚比色法相同。最後，本研究利用蒙地卡羅模擬分析得到，非有機栽種的農作物其多酚殘留有14%的機率將與有機農藥栽種出的農作物有統計上無顯著差異的相同多酚濃度，反之，有機農藥栽種出的農作物有86%的機率，其多酚類化合物濃度高於非有機栽種的農作物。

關鍵字

有機農業；多酚類化合物；蓮霧；拉曼光譜；蒙地卡羅模擬

並列摘要

Polyphenols have a high antioxidant capacity and may have a preventive effect on the development of many chronic diseases. According to a past statistical analysis, "the content of polyphenols in fruits grown by organic agriculture is 4.74 times higher than that in fruits grown by non-organic agriculture. However, the relationship between the use of polyphenols in crops and pesticides has been controversial. The harvesting of crops will significantly increase the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), which will reduce the concentration of polyphenols in crops, not to mention that harvesting can be divided into hand-picking, tool-assisted picking, and mechanical picking. PPO and POD have different inducible effects, and different inducible effects will interfere with the relationship between polyphenols and pesticide applications. In this study, we used semi-quantitative Raman spectroscopy to analyze the pesticide and polyphenol concentrations of the crops on two farms with different pesticide application levels. The results showed that polyphenols could be detected in the wavelength range of 1300-1400 cm-1, and the Raman spectral intensity to Z fraction was used for the first time in this study to determine the semi-quantitative polyphenol concentration order, which was the same as the traditional polyphenol colorimetric method. Finally, using Monte Carlo simulations, a 14% probability was found that the non-organically grown crops would have statistically insignificantly the same polyphenol concentrations as the organically grown crops. In contrast, the organic crops had an 86% probability of having higher concentrations of polyphenols than the non-organically grown crops.