失能長者的家庭照顧者其休閒阻礙與生活品質之相關研究

背景：在臺灣社會中，失能長者的比例隨高齡化而日趨嚴重；失能長者的生活起居多由家庭照顧者協助。然而在長時間照顧壓力下，可能導致家庭照顧者無多餘時間可以從事休閒、解除壓力，進而影響到其生活品質。目的：本研究旨在探討失能長者之家庭照顧者其休閒阻礙與生活品質的相關情形，希冀研究結果可提供社福相關單位在規劃休閒活動之參考。方法：研究者以自編量表針對屏東縣內家庭照顧者進行問卷調查；以立意抽樣發放170份問卷，其中有效問卷共160份。資料以SPSS 18.0 for Windows進行資料分析，並以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關等四種統計方法進行分析。結果：家庭照顧者之休閒阻礙以「人際間阻礙」分數最高、在生活品質評估上，則以「生理健康」、「心理健康」兩構面有較低評價。整體休閒阻礙與家庭照顧者生理健康、心理健康、社會關係與環境範疇中有顯著負相關。結論：屏東縣內失能長者之家庭照顧者其休閒阻礙與部分生活品質之構面呈現顯著負相關。建議：根據本研究結果，將提供政府相關單位推行長照福利相關政策時，重視家庭照顧者的休閒活動，並落實照顧者與被照顧者的權益保障，藉以提升其生活品質。

關鍵字

失能長者；家庭照顧者；休閒阻礙；生活品質

並列摘要

Background: In Taiwan, as the population ages, the percentage of people with disabilities increases. Family caregivers, who mostly assist the elders with disabilities to deal with their daily lives, therefore are under greater pressure by the long-term care. They may have less time to engage in leisure activities to relieve their stress, as a result, to affect the quality of life. Purposes: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between leisure constraints and quality of life among family caregivers of disabled elders, hopefully, to apply the results of this study to social-welfare departments on composing leisure-related activities. Methods: The researcher conducted a questionnaire survey on family caregivers in Pingtung County with a self-designed scale；170 questionnaires were distributed randomly and 160 were valid. The data was analyzed with SPSS 18.0 for Windows, the statistical methods, such as descriptive statistics, independent sample t- test, one way ANOVA and Pearson’s product correlation were used. Results: Family caregivers have the highest scores on interpersonal domain for leisure constrain. In terms of quality of life, they have lower ratings for “physical health” and “mental health”. The overall leisure constraint is significantly negatively correlated with the family caregiver's physical health, mental health, social relationship and environment. Conclusion: Family caregivers of the disabled elders in Pingtung County have a significant negative correlation between their leisure constraints and certain aspects of their quality of life. Suggestions: The results of this study provided an evidence of negative relationship between leisure constraints and quality of life, which might implement on the policy-make for caregivers, therefore, to improve the quality of life.