應用大氣常壓電漿技術質改台灣藜種子營養成分之研究

現今社會越來越重視健康養生，因此市面上有許多營養成分和機能性成分高的保健食品，許多專家學者不斷研究和關注能夠被開發添加的健康食品。台灣特有的原生種植物-台灣藜，屬於百年以上的五榖雜糧作物，含有豐富的營養與機能成分，如甜菜色素和多酚等，並且有抗氧化和抗發炎的特性。但若放置太久可能會導致抗氧化力下降，因此食品的保存是一項重要的課題。近年來常壓電漿是可替代傳統電漿的技術，可以促進快速生長、加強相關之生化特性。本研究將台灣藜種子進行大氣常壓電漿處理，期許提高其生化特性。研究將以氮氣電漿進行處理，來測定台灣藜中磷脂質、抗氧化成分與能力，同時檢測其重金屬含量，進而找出最適合的處理參數。結果顯示甜菜色素因為處理時間影響濃度，相較未處理種子增加11 %至53 %；花青素相較未經處理種子增加4 %至176 %，可能是因為氫氧基和自由基部分重組而影響濃度；總多酚相較未經處理種子增加了2 %至42 %；類黃酮則可能因為電漿自由基，導致其結構的氧化和裂解，相較未經處理種子增加1 %至215 %；DPPH(1, 1- diphenyl- 2- picrylhydrazyl)自由基清除能力大部分保持95 %以上，相較未經處理種子增加1 %至6 %，重金屬銅和鉛含量減少約3 %至39 %皆低於我國法規限量標準0.3 ppm和5 ppm以下。綜合抗氧化成分與能力、重金屬含量之相關性與差異性影響，以A49(噴嘴距離33 cm/功率500 W/流量20 slm/溫度40 ℃/處理時間9 s)為最佳處理條件，除能提高抗氧化成分與能力，也能降低重金屬含量。

關鍵字

台灣藜；大氣常壓電漿；磷脂質；重金屬

並列摘要

Taiwanese quinoa (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz, also known as Djulis) is a native cereal crop, contains valuable nutrients and bioactive compounds, such as beet pigments and polyphenols, which contribute to biological activities (e.g., antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory properties). However, the prolonged storage of Djulis may decrease its biological activities, so the food preservation is an important issue. In recent years, atmospheric pressure plasma is a promising technology for replacing traditional plasma, which can enhance the seeding growth and increase biological activities and biochemical properties. The current study was aimed to investigate the most suitable parameters of nitrogen atmospheric pressure plasma by analyzing phospholipids contents, antioxidant activity, and heavy metal concentrations of Djulis. In comparison with the untreated Djulis seeds, our results revealed that nitrogen atmospheric pressure plasma treatment could increase the concentrations of beet pigments (11 % to 53 %), anthocyanins (4 % to 176 %), total polyphenols (2 % to 42 %), flavonoids (1 % to 215 %) and DPPH-removal ability (1 % to 6 %). Besides, nitrogen atmospheric pressure plasma treatment decreased the concentrations of heavy metals copper and lead (3 % to 39 %), as compared with the untreated Djulis seeds. In conclusion, A49 (gap distance: 33 cm, power: 500 W, flow rate: 20 SLM, temperature: 40 ℃, treatment time: 9 s) is the best suitable parameter of nitrogen atmospheric pressure plasma treatment in improved antioxidant activity and decreased heavy metal concentrations of Djulis seeds.