手持式二行程汽油引擎使用添加正丁醇混合燃料排氣FPM2.5、CPM上碳及多環芳香烴特性

Emissions of FPM2.5- and CPM-bound carbonaceous species and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from a handheld two-stroke gasoline engine powered with n-butanol blends

郭昱呈(Guo Yu-Cheng)

指導教授 ： 陳瑞仁

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST202100178

摘要

至今，有關汽油引擎排氣之研究都著重於過濾性微粒（Filterable Particulate Matter，即FPM）特性探討，對凝結性微粒（Condensable Particulate Matter，即CPM）之研究相對較少，此可能忽略其潛在之健康風險；此外，對易導致區域空氣品質惡化之手持式二行程汽油引擎（Handheld Two-Stroke Gasoline Engine，簡稱H2SGE）排氣之特性則尚未被廣泛探究。本研究嘗試以目前較常使用之手持式動力噴霧機為試驗對象，探討其使用添加正丁醇之混合汽油為替代燃料時，在不同正丁醇添加比下，其引擎排氣FPM2.5、CPM及其PM上碳及排氣多環芳香烴特性，所使用燃料包含純汽油、10%及20%丁醇添加混合汽油三種(Bu0、Bu10、Bu20)。研究結果顯示：與Bu0相較，H2SGE於7000 rpm下使用Bu10時可減少排氣FPM2.5及總PM濃度（分別削減32.3及28%），然使用Bu20時排氣FPM2.5及總PM濃度則分別增加33.4及29%。無論使用Bu0、Bu10及Bu20何種油品，排氣Total-CPM濃度均相近；其排氣Total-CPM濃度均以有機CPM佔比較多（約佔70%），且隨其正丁醇添加其佔比增加。與Bu0相較，H2SGE使用Bu10時，其排氣FPM2.5、無機CPM及有機CPM上TC、OC及EC濃度均有降低，然使用Bu20時其排氣FPM2.5上TC、OC、EC及有機CPM上OC濃度則增加；與Bu0相較，使用Bu10及Bu20時排氣無機CPM及有機CPM上TC mass均有減少。H2SGE使用Bu0、Bu10及Bu20時排氣FPM2.5濃度中約有71 % mass是由TC所貢獻，而排氣Total-CPM濃度中約有14% mass是由TC貢獻，且CPM上TC mass主要存於有機CPM上（約80%以上）；而排氣有機CPM之TC mass中OC約佔70%。與Bu0相較，H2SGE 7000 rpm下使用添加正丁醇之混合汽油（即Bu10及Bu20）時，均可降低其排氣FPM2.5與氣相上ΣPAHs及ΣBaPeq濃度，且Bu10之減量效果大於Bu20；然排氣CPM上ΣPAHs及ΣBaPeq濃度則隨正丁醇添加比增加而上升。H2SGE使用Bu0、Bu10及Bu20時其排氣FPM2.5、CPM及氣相上ΣPAHs濃度均以LMW-PAHs為主，而排氣FPM2.5及氣相上ΣBaPeq濃度均以HMW-PAHs為主，CPM上ΣBaPeq濃度則以LMW-PAHs為主。無論使用何種油品，排氣FPM2.5、CPM及氣相上ΣNPAHs濃度均以LMW-PAHs為主，而ΣNPAHs濃度中氣相佔比最高；排氣CPM上NPAHs濃度以2-NNaph為主，其次為9-NA，然排氣氣相上則以9-NA為主，其次為9-Nphen。

關鍵字

汽油引擎 ； 丁醇 ； 凝結性微粒 ； 多環芳香烴 ； 碳成分

並列摘要

The studies of gasoline-engine emissions have mostly focused on the filterable particulate matter (FPM) with little consideration of the condensable particulate patter (CPM) so far. In other words, the potential health risks from such PM might be neglected. Additionally, the emissions of handheld two-stroke gasoline engines (H2SGE), which could seriously affect the local air quality, have not been well investigated.
This study focuses on the emissions of FPM2.5-, CPM-, and PM-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a widely-use gasoline powered portable sprayer fueled with the various n-butanol diesel blends. The tested fuels were conventional gasoline (Bu0), 10% and 20% n-butanol-gasoline blends (Bu10 and Bu20, respectively). Results show that the FPM2.5 and total-PM emission levels were reduced by 32.3 and 28.0%, respectively, when using Bu10 in place of Bu0; however, those for using Bu20 increased 33.4 and 29.0%, respectively. On the other hand, the total-CPM emission remained at similar levels regardless of using different gasoline blends. For CPM, its mass was predominated by organic compositions (70%) which increased with the n-butanol content in gasoline blends. Besides, the TC, OC, and EC concentrations on FPM2.5, inorganic CPM, and organic CPM reduced by using Bu10 from Bu0 in the H2SGE, while those on FPM2.5 and the OC concentration on CPM increased when using Bu20. The content of TC on CPM were reduced by using either Bu10 or Bu20 from Bu0. The TC also contributed 71% in FPM2.5 and 14% in total-CPM by using various test fuels. Moreover, more than 80% of TC mass in CPM was organic CPM, and 70% of TC mass was contributed by OC for organic CPM. The addition of n-butanol could effectively reduce the emissions of both FPM2.5-bound and gaseous ΣPAHs and ΣBaPeq in the exhaust gases of H2SGE operated at 7000 rpm, while more reduction was found by using Bu10 instead of Bu20 or Bu0. However, the CPM levels increased with the increasing n-butanol content in gasoline blends. Additionally, the ΣPAHs in FPM2.5, CPM, and gaseous phase PAHs were predominated by LMW-PAHs for using the three different gasoline blends. The FPM2.5-bound and gaseous ΣBaPeq were dominated by HMW-PAHs while the LMW homologues dominated in the ΣBaPeq of CPM. The LMW-NPAHs dominated in the mass of FPM2.5-, CPM-bound, and gaseous ΣNPAHs by using each of gasoline blends; moreover, gaseous species dominated in ΣNPAHs. The main homologues of NPAHs in CPM emissions were 2-NNaph and 9-NA, while 9-Nphen was dominant in the gaseous NPAHs.

並列關鍵字

Gasoline engine ； n-butanol ； condensable particulate matter ； polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ； carbonaceous contents

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