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  • 學位論文

電子調節式機車雙碟連動煞車系統之設計與研究

Study of Electronic Regulated Combined Brake System for Scooters with Disk-Disk Brake

指導教授 : 曾全佑
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摘要


連動煞車系統(Combined Brake System, CBS)是一種只需按壓左手,前後輪均會產生煞車力的機構,若CBS可以適當分配前後煞車比例,駕駛可以藉由簡單、直覺性的動作使車輛產生較大的減速度,使煞車距離縮短且車輛可穩定的煞停。傳統的機車雙碟CBS主要利用機械式比例閥分配比例的前後輪煞車力,最佳的煞車力分配比例須考慮煞車時的負載轉移效應,才能使前後煞車比例最為恰當,但因乘坐位置、乘坐重量直接影響車輛重心高度,導致最佳分配比例變動範圍甚大,難以依靠機械調整使得符合不同負載條件,因此本研究針對前後雙碟煞車系統的機車,評估一種電子調節式雙碟連動煞車系統的可行性。該系統利用一個比例油壓閥提供前後輪基本煞車比例,然後加入一個電子調節輔助閥,調整前輪煞車比例,目標為讓使用者可以依照負載選擇煞車比例範圍。 研究工作包括機械系統與控制系統之設計與實驗驗證。首先根據駕駛者按壓連動側煞車把手時,目標車輛之性能需求估算分配閥與輔助閥之參數與尺寸,然後設計比例油壓閥以及輔助閥體,馬達規格以及凸輪機構,最後設計控制電路與邏輯,以驅動馬達,根據後輪油壓調整前輪的煞車比例,期望機車在不同負載之下均能維持在最佳比例。 本研究已完成電子調節式機車雙碟連動煞車系統設計與試作,經實驗平台驗證,由輔助閥搭配滑動模式控制馬達,可在不同把手入力下調節前輪比例,將前輪比例從37%提升至接近60%,此一結果證實本研究所提出之設計構想具備可行性,可根據不同車輛及不同負載條件進行調整,使得前後輪煞車比例更加貼近理想煞車曲線。

並列摘要


The Combined Brake System (CBS) is a mechanism that only needs to press the left hand to generate braking force on the front and rear wheels. If CBS can properly distribute the front and rear brake ratios, the driver can use simple and intuitive actions to make the vehicle decelerate, shorten the braking distance and the vehicle can stop stably. The traditional CBS of disk brake system mainly uses mechanical proportional valves to distribute the front and rear braking force. The optimal braking force distribution ratio must consider the load transfer effect during braking, so that the front and rear brake ratios are the most appropriate. However, the seat position and weight directly affect the height of the center of gravity of the vehicle, resulting in a wide range of changes in the optimal distribution ratio. It is difficult to rely on mechanical adjustment to meet different load conditions. Therefore, this research aims at evaluating the feasibility of an electronic regulate combined brake system for scooter with disc brake systems. The system uses a proportional hydraulic valve to provide the basic brake ratio of the front and rear wheels, and then adds an electronic regulate auxiliary valve to adjust the front wheel brake ratio. The goal is to allow the user to select the brake ratio range according to the load. Research includes design and verification of mechanical systems and control systems. First, estimate the parameters and dimensions of the distribution valve and auxiliary valve based on the performance requirements of the target vehicle when the driver presses the linked side brake handle, then design the proportional hydraulic valve and auxiliary valve , motor specifications and cam , and finally design the control circuit and logic, adjust the brake ratio of the front wheels according to the oil pressure of the rear wheels. It is expected that the scooter can maintain the best ratio under different loads. The proposed CBS has been implemented in a scooter with disk brake system. Verified by the experimental, the auxiliary valve with the sliding mode controller to control the motor, which can adjust the front wheel ratio under different hand forces, the front wheel ratio can increasing the front wheel ratio from 37% to nearly 60% at different handle forces. This result confirms the feasibility of the design concept proposed by this research, which can be adjusted according to different vehicles and different load conditions, so that the front and rear brake ratios are close to the optimal braking curve.

參考文獻


[1] 張超群,劉成群,2012,摩托車動力學,五南圖書出版。
[2] Tetsuo T., Kanau I., Yoshiaki S., Yukimasa N., Hiroyuki N. (1994), “Further Research on New Combined Brake System (Dual CBS) for Motorcycles, ” HONDA R & D Technical Review, Vol.6, pp.194-201.
[3] Yukimasa N., Kanau I., Tetsuo T., Yoshiaki S. (1993), “Research on Dual Combined Brake System(Dual-CBS) for Motorcycle,” HONDA R & D Technical Review, Vol.5, pp. 100-108.
[4] Kazuhiko Tani , Hironori Nakamura(2015),“Development of Advanced Brake System for SmallMotorcycles , ” SAE Paper 2015-01-2680.
[5] 郭榮彬,連動煞車系統,專利證號:TWI653168B,台灣,2019。

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