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  • 學位論文

自適應PID控制器之雨刷直流馬達模擬

Simulation of Adaptive PID Controller in Wiper DC Motor

指導教授 : 陳彩蓉 蔡建雄
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摘要


在車輛雨刷系統中,構成雨刷連桿機構的各個連桿長度對雨刷連桿機構之運動行為表現有決定性的影響。因此本研究將建立雨刷連桿運動模型與受力模型,並利用Matlab軟體進行模擬,可計算出雨刷連桿之角度、角速度、角加速度等運動情況與各連桿之受力情形。並利用Adams軟體進行雨刷連桿建模,並且比對Adams模擬結果與Matlab模擬結果之誤差,以確保模型推導結果與撰寫程式之正確性,便可進行雨刷連桿長度優化。以曲柄長度、固定桿長度、角速度、角加速度、雨刷刷拭區域、傳力角為限制,再以主刮輸出桿(靠近駕駛側之雨刷連桿)之角加速度絕對值之最大值最小化為目標,利用差分進化法對雨刷連桿各個桿件長度進行優化,以取得一組雨刷連桿長度為符合限制條件與目標之較佳值,達成優化之目的。從優化結果可以發現到主刮角加速度絕對值之最大值相較於優化前降低了29%的幅度。 由於一般車輛雨刷馬達為接收到雨刷開關訊號,通電就直接作動,並且不會定速穩定驅動雨刷曲柄連桿,故本研究應用自適應PID控制器搭配梯度下降法之學習法則進行直流馬達轉速控制之模擬。從模擬結果可以發現若是負載干擾瞬間變化大時,較容易影響此控制方法追蹤目標之效果。

並列摘要


The length of each link in the linkage mechanism has a decisive influence on the motion behavior of the wiper linkage mechanism in the vehicle window wiper system.Therefore, this research will establish the wiper connecting the rod's motion and force models and use Matlab to simulate it. Matlab will calculate the angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and other motion conditions of the wiper connecting rod and the force of each connecting rod. By confining the length of the crank, the length of the fixed rod, the angular velocity, the angular acceleration, the wiper area, and the transmission angle, we can use the differential evolution method to optimize the length of each member of the wiper connecting rod. That meets the constraints and finds the minimum value of the maximum absolute value of the angular acceleration of the main wiper output rod (the wiper connecting rod near the driver's seat). The optimization results show that the maximum absolute value of the main scraping angular acceleration is reduced by 29% compared to the pre-optimization. Since the windshield wiper motor of a general vehicle receives the wiper switch signal, it will act when it is energized and will not drive the wiper crank connecting rod at a constant speed.Therefore, this study applies the learning rule of adaptive PID and the gradient descent method to control the speed of the DC motor. The simulation results show that if the target speed changes significantly instantaneously, the load interference changes greatly, it will affect the effect of this control method to track the target.

參考文獻


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[2] 林裕峰,2019,雨刷連桿優化技術之建立,國立屏東科技大學,屏東。
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[4] 林佳翰,王靖元,陳彩蓉,洪英志,2020,「人工智慧演算法應用於雨刷連桿優化差異性分析」,中國機械工程學會第三十七屆全國學術研討會論文集,雲林。
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