從社會資本談社區型社會企業的發展與創新─以東片寶石村社會企業為例

Research on the development and innovation of community-based social enterprise from the perspective of social capital-A case study of Dongpian Baoshi Village social enterprise

梁易慈(Liang I-Tzu)

指導教授 ： 王仕圖

國立屏東科技大學/人文暨社會科學院/社會工作系所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST202100235

摘要

「社會企業」（Social Enterprise）概念的出現，不僅帶來新形態的商業模式，也提供非營利組織和企業一個取得資源的新管道。社會企業的議題，更是在各國被熱議的話題，尤其受不同國家人文、意識形態、社會等的影響，社會企業更以不同的組織型態存在著。雖然社會企業的概念眾說紛紜，但就實務上來說，已有許多非營利組織或企業採用這模式來運作。
就社區來說，社會企業的模式出現，提供了社區發展不同的思維與方法。而社區的發展取決其資源的運用與取得，相關研究指出，若社區能結合社區的社會資本，即能發揮社區的特質、能力，來促進社區之永續發展。此外，從相關研究中可了解，社會資本與社區發展具高度相關，且透過對於社區社會資本的運用與了解，可以認識到社區不同的面向，可增加對社區的理解必制定有效發展的策略。另，社區發展更可藉由對社會資本的運用與取得，發展出社區的社會企業，即基於社區需求或社區之經濟、社會之目標，成立之社區型社會氣業，透過社區內原有的社會資本或產生新的社會資本，來發展社區產業，讓社區能彼此共享資源與其帶來之經濟和社會效益。
因此本研究之目的是為了解一社區型社會企業的發展歷程，以及其餘發展過程中之困應與因應，並了解該社區型社會企業於其發展和推動創新服務的過程中，運用了那些社會資本。本研究以屏東縣內的東片寶石村社會企業為研究對象，立意選取了八位從籌組到發展至今，持續參與的農場主，並採樣本分析法針對蒐集之文本進行分析與詮釋。
本研究發現，東片寶石村社會企業於其發展中，運用的社會資本有：組織之規範與制度、成員的共同理念、對社區與社會企業之使命與責任、組織影響力、與社區之互動關係、與社區建立之信任關係、多元的資源取得管道、以及社會網絡。其中，組織的規範與制度包含：組織的幹部改選制度、營收之提撥、以及與社區發展協會之分工；資源取得之管道則包括：成員個人資源之提供、與公部門合作、與教育單位合作、與其他組織合作以及社區產業之推廣；社會網絡部分則很分為：個人之社會網絡、組織之社會網絡兩者。
而社會資本於東片寶石村社會企業之創新，包含：組織規範與制度、與社區之互動策略的創新、以及多元的資源取得管道。其中，資源取得之管道包括：科技技術的引進、跨域之合作、以及組織新產品的研發。
本研究針對目前東片寶石村社會企業之發展提出之建議可分為對組織本身以及公部門。對於東片寶石村社會企業所提出之建議包含：提升組織人力資本、建立與消費者的信任關係、運用社會網絡之資源、以及組織運作模式之傳承。對於公部門之相關建議，則有建立資訊交流平台和協助社會企業人力之培訓。

關鍵字

社會資本 ； 社會企業 ； 社區型社會企業

並列摘要

The emergence of the concept of social enterprise not only brings about a new business model but also provides non-profit organizations and enterprises with a new channel to obtain resources. The issue of social enterprise has become an important issue in many countries, especially as it is influenced by the humanities, ideology and society of different countries. Social enterprises exist in different organizational forms. Although there are different opinions on the concept of social enterprise, in practice, many non-profit organizations or enterprises have adopted this mode of operation.
As far as the community is concerned, the modes of social enterprise provide different thinking and methods for community development. The development of a community depends on the use and acquisition of its resources. Related research has pointed out that if a community can integrate its social capital, it can give full play to the characteristics and abilities of the community to promote its sustainable development. In addition, from the relevant research, we can understand that social capital is highly related to community development, and that through the use and understanding of community social capital, we can recognize the different aspects of the community, increase the understanding of the community, and formulate effective development strategies. On the other hand, community social enterprises can be developed through the use and acquisition of social capital, that is, a community-based social enterprise established based on the needs of the community or the economic and social goals of the community. Through the original social capital or the generation of new social capital in the community, community industries can be developed, and the community can share resources to bring economic and social benefits.
The purpose of this study was to understand the development process of a community-based social enterprise, as well as the difficulties and countermeasures in other development processes, as well as to understand the social capital used by community-based social enterprises in the development and promotion of innovative services. This study took the social enterprise of Dongpian Baoshi Village in Pingtung County as the research object and selected eight farmers who had been participating in the project from the organization to the development so far. The sample analysis method was employed to analyze and interpret the collected texts.
This study found that the social capital used in the development of social enterprises in Dongpian Baoshi Village included the norms and systems of the organization, the common ideas of the members, the mission and responsibility of the community and social enterprises, the influence of the organization, the interaction with the community, the trust relationship with the community, the multiple channels for obtaining resources, and the social network. Among them, the organization's norms and systems included the organization’s cadre re-election system, revenue allocation, and the division of labor in the community development associations. The channels for obtaining resources included the provision of personal resources from members, cooperation with public departments, cooperation with educational institutions, cooperation with other organizations, and promoting community industry. The social network was divided into two parts: the social network of individuals, and the social network of organizations.
The innovation of social capital in the social enterprises of Dongpian Baoshi Village included organizational norms and systems, the innovation of interactive strategies with the community, and multiple channels to obtain resources. Among them, the channels to obtain resources included the introduction of science and technology, cross-domain cooperation, and the organization of new product research and development.
The suggestions for the development of social enterprises in Dongpian Baoshi Village social enterprises could be divided into suggestions for the organization and suggestions for the public sector. Suggestions for social enterprises in Dongpian Baoshi Village included enhancing the human capital of the organization, establishing a trust relationship with consumers, using the resources of the social network, and inheriting the operation mode of the organization. Suggestions for the public sector included the establishment of information exchange platforms and assistance in social enterprise manpower training.

並列關鍵字

Social Capital ； Social Enterprises ； Community-based Social Enterprise

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