不同介質配方處理對辣椒植株生育及產量之影響

Effects of Different Media Formulation on the Growth and Yield of Pepper Plants

翁英豪(Weng Ying-Hao)

指導教授 ： 王鐘和

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/農園生產系所/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST202100359

摘要

選用優質的苗及良好配方的介質處理搭配適當肥培管理，調查辣椒植株生長與果實產量比較，建立合理施肥模式。泥炭是一種短期內不可再生的資源，儲藏量有限，減少泥炭用量，開發一種理化性能穩定、取材方便、價格低廉的介質取代是重要問題。本研究使用炭化稻殼取代部份泥炭，辣椒育苗試驗在50孔穴盤及128孔穴盤，利用4種介質(泥炭、炭化稻殼、蛭石和蚓糞肥) 給予體積比例不同，混合成5種處理。種子播種時接種菌根菌與不接種菌根菌，結果顯示處理以M3處理(泥炭10 %、炭化稻殼30 %、蛭石30 %和蚯蚓糞肥30 %)發芽率最好，達91.3 %，發芽日數約9.1天。有接菌根菌及澆灌營養液的8GM1(泥炭30 %、炭化稻殼10 %、蛭石30 %和蚓糞肥 30 %)處理苗株比其他處理苗株的相對生長速率指數好。苗株在狹小穴孔空間生長，有施用養液增加養分含量，苗株生育較佳。減少泥炭使用量，增加炭化稻殼的利用率，使成本可降低。選用128穴盤的8GM1處理之苗株(泥炭30 %、炭化稻殼10 %、蛭石30 %和蚓糞肥30 %，接菌根菌及澆灌營養液)，用3種體積比例不同(泥炭:蛭石:珍珠石)，分別以1:1:1、2:1:1、3:1:1之比例混成3種介質處理，進行栽培試驗。定植時，分別施接種菌根菌和無接種菌根菌。依據作物施肥手冊中辣椒的氮肥推薦量為1倍量，無接種菌根菌F肥料處理是推薦量肥料的1倍量，R施肥處理是F肥料處理的2倍量，T施肥處理是F肥料處理的3倍量。另外再接種菌根菌處理之肥料為F處理量減少1/3量，代號GF處理，GR肥料處理為R處理量減少1/3量，GT肥料處理為T處理量減少1/3量，計介質配方3種，肥料用量3級，接菌有無2種，合計18種處理。栽培試驗處理介質中以體積比例為(泥炭:蛭石:珍珠石=1:1:1)處理之辣椒果實鮮重較高。接種菌根菌配合減量施肥處理與無接種菌根菌的無減量施肥處理之植株株高、莖徑、葉片數及辣椒果實產量均無顯著差異。顯示有接種菌根菌的處理，可以減少化學肥施用量。

關鍵字：辣椒、菌根菌、介質、發芽率、穴盤

關鍵字

辣椒 ； 菌根菌 ； 介質 ； 發芽率 ； 穴盤

並列摘要

Cultivation Choosed high-quality seedlings and well-formulated medium treatment with appropriate fertilizer management, investigate the comparison of pepper plant growth and fruit yield, and establish a reasonable fertilization mode. Peat moss is scant reserves and is a non-renewable resource in short term. This study was contucted to develop an alternative medium with the advantage of stable conditions, to get easily and have lower cost. To verify the effect of alternative carbonized rice husk, five treatments are implemented in pepper seeding by the mixture of four mediums (Peat moss, carbonized rice husk, vermiculite and earthworm manure) and inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi at 50 plug trays and 128 plug trays respectively. Inoculation and non-inoculation of mycorrhizal fungiis during seeding. Among these five treatments, M3 treatment (10% Peat moss, 30% carbonized rice husk, 30% vermiculite and 30% vermicompost) gets the best germination rate of 91.3% and the germination days are about 9.1 days.The optimal seedling index was found in plug trays 8GM1 treatment (Peat moss 30%, carbonized rice husk 10%, vermiculite 30% and vermicompost 30%) with the implementation of mycorrhizal inoculation and nutrient solution. Relative index of growth rate was better than other plug seedlings. Seedling plants growed in the narrow hole space, with nutrient solution applied to increase nutrient content, the seedling plants growed better, less usage of peat soil and effective comsumption of carbonized rice husk. The relevant cost can be reduced by above benefits. By choosing 128 plug trays of 8GM1 treated seedlings (30% Peat moss, 10% carbonized rice husk, 30% vermiculite and 30% vermicompost, inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus and watering nutrient solution), cultivation experiments use three different volume ratios (Peat moss: vermiculite: pearlite) mixed with 3 kinds of media treatments at the ratios of 1:1:1, 2:1:1, and 3:1:1, respectively. When I conduct cultivation experiments. Planting separates application of inoculated and non-inoculated mycorrhizal fungi. According to the recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer for pepper in the crop fertilization manual is one times the amount. Non-inoculated mycorrhizal fungus F fertilizer treatment is one times the recommended amount of fertilizer, R fertilizer treatment is twice the amount of F fertilizer treatment, T fertilization treatment is 3 times the amount of F fertilizer treatment. In addition, when inoculating uses mycorrhizal bacteria, Treating GF fertilizer amount, GR fertilizer amount and GT fertilizer amount are reduced one third of dosage for the F fertilizer treatment, R fertilizer treatment and T fertilizer treatment, respectively. There are three kinds of medium formulations, three levels of fertilizer dosage, and two types of inoculation and non-inoculation bacteria. Total is 18 treatments. Cultivation test medium treatment is in volume ratio (Peat moss: Vermiculite: Pearlite = 1: 1: 1), the pepper fruit has a higher fresh weight. The treatment with mycorrhizal fungus combined with reduced fertilization treatment and the non-reduced fertilization treatment without mycorrhizal fungus are no significant difference in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and pepper fruit yield. It shows that the treatment of inoculation with mycorrhizal bacteria can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer.

Keywords：Pepper, Mycorrhizal fungus, Medium, Germination rate, trays

並列關鍵字

pepper ； mycorrhizal fungus ； medium ； germination rate ； trays

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