大高雄地區犬隻念珠狀菌、馬拉色菌及皮癬菌耳炎之調查

皮膚病及耳黴菌病永遠是門診的常客，雖不會急迫的致命性，但總是造成寵物生活品質低落，飼主的不悅甚至影響到飼主與寵物的親密關係。類比發生率細菌66.17%，真菌73.31%，疥瘡6.77%，毛囊蟲5.26%；犬隻品種也是造成耳疾的重要因子，如雪納瑞的多毛，可卡的大垂耳，黃金獵犬的嗜水性，均屬先天品種的差異。然今日的主角是真菌，其造成耳疾的嚴重傷害；常聽到的黴菌、酵母菌、食用菇類、冬蟲夏草、靈芝等皆屬於真菌。而致病性真菌依其所形成的菌落形態分為黴菌(mold)及酵母菌(yeast)兩大類。黴菌的體細胞為多細胞組成的絲狀體，稱為「菌絲體」。酵母菌的體細胞為單細胞，這是兩者間最大的區別。致病性的酵母菌(yeast)有Malassezia spp.與Candida spp.等，黴菌(mold)有Microsporum spp.、Trichophyton spp.、Epidermophyton floccosum、Aspergillus spp.等。本研究進行一年共240個病例的調查，採集耳疾之病犬的耳內檢體，以PCR的方式進行檢測，目的是對Malassezia spp.、Candida spp.與黴菌於不同月份(尤其是雨季)、品種(雪納瑞、貴賓、馬爾濟斯、米格魯、混種犬…等)、年齡及地區的出現情形進行調查。以建立Malassezia spp.、Candida spp.與黴菌的檢測方式，並在調查結果顯示Candida spp.發生的比率最高，在夏季病例最多，在老犬病例最多，在郊區病例最多。

關鍵字

PCR ；念珠狀菌；馬拉色菌；黴菌

並列摘要

The symptoms of dermatitis and otomycosis for dogs occurs frequently all year round, although the conditions do not result with immediate fatality, such experience would driven the dogs to suffer quality of life, affects with owners’ emotions and relationships with their dogs. Pathogenic yeast and mold include Malassezia spp., Candida spp., Microsporum spp., Trichophyton spp., Epidermophyton floccosum and Aspergillus spp.. In this study, we will collect the 240 samples of ear infection in dogs and detect by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The purpose of this research was to Malassezia spp., Candida spp. and mold appear in different months (especially during the rainy season), different breeds (Schnauzer, Poodles, Maltese, mixed breeding Canis and Catus, etc.), ages and area for appearance investigation and analysis. We set up the PCR test of Malassezia spp., Candida spp. and mold to investigate. The result shows that the dogs infected by Candida spp. are the highest risky samples and the peak period of Malassezia spp., Candida spp. and mold. We also discover the highest occurrence in summer, the high proportion occurrence in old dog, in suburbs.