- 學位論文
泰國油棕種苗生產公司的技術效率差異
Technical Efficiency Differences for Companies of Oil Palm Seedling Production in Thailand
摘要
油棕產業在泰國經濟中扮演著相當重要的角色。油棕產業是生產及製造業的收入和就業來源。現今泰國政府已將生物燃料生產的政策制定為可再生能源，同時還計劃擴大油棕的種植面積以提高泰國每個地區的平均產量，並得到認可。目前，技術生產對於提高油棕的生產效率非常重要，油棕產業在各區域，特別是在不同的區域水準下，導致不同的生產效率，故本研究利用資料包絡分析與共同邊界資料包絡法探討泰國4個地區共104家生產油棕種苗公司的技術效率(TE)，以及其影響因素和超效率DEA值。在DEA分析中，可以測量油棕種苗的產量以及七個投入變數，其中包含種植面積、勞動力、僱工、油棕種苗、肥料、化學藥品及機械，研究結果顯示，南部地區的平均效率值為0.992最高，有效率的公司有30家(78.95%)，這可以透過使用七個投入變數進行效率測量來達到最佳規模，其次為北部、中部及東北部地區。在共同邊界資料包絡分析中，將四個區域邊界與整個國家的共同邊界進行比較，研究結果顯示，共同效率值排名由最低0.718到最高1.000，其中北部及南部地區的平均共同效率值差別不大，分別為0.968和0.967，而東北地區則因為在不適宜的耕地和氣候種植油棕種苗，導致平均共同效率值為0.940最低。在區域邊界中，技術效率值最高為1.000，最低為0.774，南部地區的平均技術效率值為0.992最高，而東北地區的平均技術效率值為0.956最低。在技術缺口比率(TGR)中，比率值從最低0.765到最高1.000，其中東北地區的平均TGR最高，為0.983，其次為北部、南部及中部地區，分別為0.982、0.975和0.966。在超效率值的範圍0.000至1.000，其中南部地區的最大超效率值為1.792最高，其次為中部(1.618)、北部(1.593)及東北部地區(1.470)；而南部地區的平均超效率值為1.191最高，其次為北部(1.139)、中部(1.128)及東北部地區(1.099)，代表南部是油棕種苗生產技術效率最好的地區，而中部及北部地區的油棕幼苗生產效率一年比一年更高，東北部地區超效率值則最差。在Tobit迴歸分析中，考慮了四個獨立變數，分別為年齡、教育程度、家庭人數及工作年資，研究結果顯示，生產者的年齡、教育程度、家庭人數和工作年資與泰國油棕種苗公司的生產呈現正相關。經實證結果可看到提高油棕種苗生產效率水平及技術效率的可能性，這對政府、研究及私營部門都是有價值的資訊。
並列摘要
Oil palm production plays an important role in the Thai economy. The one source of incomes and employments in production and manufacturing is from an oil palm industry. It is now recognized when Thai government has set the policy on biofuel production as a renewable energy source together with the target to increase the average production, intensify and expand the oil palm seed plantation area in each region of Thailand. Currently, the technology production is important in terms of increasing oil palm’s productivity. Oil palm production in each area, particularly in the regional level of Thailand is different, resulting in different production efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this study aims to measure the technical efficiency (TE) from 104 companies in 4 regions of Thailand where produce the oil palm seedling production by using the data envelopment analysis to analyze the technical efficiency together with Metafrontier DEA, the factors affecting, and the super-efficiency DEA scores. In the DEA analysis can be measured the oil palm seedling production together with seven input variables which included the planted area, labor, hired labor, palm seed, fertilizer, chemical, and machine. The results in DEA showed that the Southern region demonstrated the highest average score at 0.992 and the number of efficient companies are 30 companies (78.95%) which can be achieved at the optimum scale through efficiency measurement with seven inputs used followed by the Northern, the Central, and the Northeastern region. In terms of metafrontier DEA analysis compared with four regional frontiers together with the metafrontier of whole country. It presented that Metafrontier scores were ranked from the minimum score 0.718 to the maximum score 1.000. The Northern and the Southern region revealed a little bit different of average Metafrontier score at 0.968 and 0.967, respectively. On the other hand, the Northeastern region precisely performed the lowest average Metafrontier score at 0.940 due to unsuitable arable land and climate for growing the oil palm seedling. For the regional frontiers, TE score showed the maximum score at 1.000, as well as the minimum score at 0.774. The Southern region was the highest average TE score at around 0.992, whereas the Northeastern region showed the lowest average TE score at 0.956. Regarding the technical gap ratios (TGRs), the scores were ranged from the minimum score 0.765 to the maximum score 1.000. The Northeastern region had the highest average TGRs score at 0.983 followed by the Northern, the Southern and the Central regions also had high average TGRs scores at 0.982, 0.975, and 0.966, respectively. In regard to the range of super-efficiency scores are ranked between 0.000 to more than 1.000. A maximum super-efficiency score in the Southern region performed the highest score at 1.792 followed by the Central region (1.618), the Northern region (1.539), and the Northeastern region (1.470) respectively. An average super-efficiency score in the Southern region performed the highest score (1.191) followed by the Northern region (1.139), the Central region (1.128), and the Northeastern region (1.099) and respectively. It implied that, the Southern region was the best in TE of oil palm seedling production. The Central and the Northern regions were the consecutive higher efficiency of oil palm seedling production. On the other hand, the Northeastern region was the worst super-efficiency score. In terms of Tobit regression analysis were considered by four independent variables which were age, education level, the household size, and experience years. The results showed that the number of producer’s age, the education level, the household size and the experience years of company are positively associated with oil palm seedling production for company in Thailand. For the empirical finding, the results provide that the possibilities to increase efficiency levels of oil palm seedling production and reveal valuable information on the technical efficiency which is useful to the government, researches, and private sectors.