台東地區設置快速發酵堆肥廠的可行性評估與分析

近年來西部地區畜產業的龐勃發展，許多大型畜產企業為了搶市場先機，也開始進駐到東部地區發展畜產事業，然而在龐大的畜產產業鏈下，產出的禽畜糞也越來越多，但相對現有合法的禽畜糞堆肥廠，以現行的傳統堆肥技術、設廠數量及運銷模式，是否能夠有效去化現階段產出的禽畜糞數量，降低環境污染的疑慮。傳統堆肥場在處理堆肥的方法上，大部分都是採用露天曝曬翻堆的方式，空氣中時常會飄散令人難以忍受的臭味，所以堆肥廠被認定為嫌惡設施，設廠條件非常嚴苛，時常遭受當地里民圍廠抗爭是時有所聞。傳統畜牧場雖然政府有提供自用堆肥設備的補助，以養雞產業為例，仍有許多傳統養雞場因為腹地不大，擔心場區內禽流感感染疑慮、人力短缺、肥料運銷能力不足等問題，造成不願意在廠內設置堆肥設備，寧願委外清運處理，但隨著清運費用日漸昂貴，傳統養雞場為降低成本還是會選擇讓農民免費載運，直接傾倒在田區使用，因雞糞未發酵處理進而產生環境汙染有臭味逸散及汙染水源等問題。本研究之目的如下： 1.了解堆肥場產業現況，蒐集文獻資料，探討台東堆肥場競爭力因素。 2.探討影響堆肥場在台東地區選址地點及設置條件之影響因素。 3.藉由與專家訪談、問卷調查，透過Porter鑽石模型及層級分析法，分析各構面及影響因素之權重。 4.利用研究結果，提供給有意願投資堆肥場的民間業者及當地政府參考與建議。本研究運用鑽石模型，釐清影響台東堆肥廠競爭力因素，透過德菲法篩選出在台東地區設置禽畜糞堆肥廠之評估構面，並藉由現有營運中禽畜糞堆肥廠性能評估之探討，與專家訪談、問卷調查之權重，透過層級分析法之層級架構，進行各層面及項目之權重分析。本研究結果顯示，影響台東地區設置快速發酵堆肥廠的6大構面，依權重排序為「生產要素」、「需求條件」、「相關及支援產業」、「產業策略、結構與競爭」、「機會」、「政府」。而影響台東地區設置快速發酵堆肥廠的主要因素，前十項權重值之合計佔整體65.90％，排序為「設置地點」、「養雞場數量增加」、「禽畜糞原料來源」、「養雞場的成本支出」、「技術資源」、「建立企業與里民溝通的橋樑」、「人力資源」、「環評規範」、「罰則」、「監控系統的安裝」，為重要指標。本研究所得之結果，期能做為政府施政及業者投資經營之參考。

關鍵字

禽畜糞堆肥；快速發酵；鑽石模型；德菲法；層級分析法

並列摘要

In recent years, with the rapid development of the livestock industry in the western region, many large livestock enterprises have also begun to enter the eastern region to develop livestock industry in order to seize market opportunities. However, under the huge livestock industry chain, the output of livestock manure is also increasing. However, compared with the existing legal livestock manure composting plants, with the current traditional composting technology, the number of factories and the mode of transportation and sales, can we effectively reduce the amount of livestock manure produced at this stage and reduce the doubts about environmental pollution. In traditional composting farms, most of the methods of composting are exposed to the sun and turned over. The unbearable odor often wafts in the air. Therefore, the composting plant is identified as a disgusting facility, and the conditions for setting up the plant are very strict. , it is often heard that the local people are surrounded by the factory and protest. Although the government provides subsidies for self-use composting equipment in traditional livestock farms, taking the chicken industry as an example, there are still many traditional chicken farms because of their small hinterland. , resulting in unwillingness to set up composting equipment in the factory, preferring to outsource clearing and transportation, but as the cost of clearing and transportation becomes more and more expensive, traditional chicken farms still choose to let farmers carry it for free in order to reduce costs, and dump it directly in the field for use. Chicken manure is not fermented, which leads to environmental pollution, odor emission, and water pollution. The purpose of this study is as follows: 1. Understand the current situation of the compost yard industry, collect literature materials, and explore the competitiveness factors of Taitung compost yard. 2. Discuss the influencing factors affecting the site selection and setting conditions of the compost yard in Taitung area. 3. Through interviews with experts, questionnaires, Porter diamond model and AHP, analyze the weights of various aspects and influencing factors. 4. Use the research results to provide reference and advice to private operators and local governments who are willing to invest in compost farms. This study uses the diamond model to clarify the factors that affect the competitiveness of Taitung composting plants, and selects the evaluation aspects of setting up livestock manure composting plants in Taitung area through the Delphi method, and discusses the performance evaluation of existing livestock manure composting plants in operation, The weight of interviews with experts and questionnaires, through the hierarchical structure of the analytic hierarchy process, the weight analysis of each level and project is carried out. The results of this study show that there are 6 major aspects that affect the establishment of rapid fermentation composting plants in Taitung, and they are ranked according to their weights as "factors of production", "demand conditions", "related and supporting industries", "industrial strategy, structure and competition", " Opportunity", "Government". As for the main factors affecting the establishment of rapid fermentation composting plants in Taitung area, the total weight of the top ten items accounted for 65.90% of the overall, and the rankings were "location", "increase in the number of chicken farms", "source of raw materials for poultry and livestock manure", "raised" The cost of chicken farms, "technical resources", "building a bridge between enterprises and residents", "human resources", "environmental assessment standards", "penalties", and "installation of monitoring systems" are important indicators. The results obtained in this study are expected to serve as a reference for government policy and industry investment and management.