基於鎖孔標記語言(kml)之Web GIS的應用-以農業天然災害防治為例

資訊科技的飛速發展，通訊技術已在相關產業，如工業、農業上的應用日漸普遍。地理資訊系統(Geographic Information System, GIS)，是一個具有整合資料以空間方式來呈現的系統。隨著地理資訊系統(Geographic Information System, GIS)的普及，相關產業已經開始使用地理資訊系統將數據進行分析及決策。　　而地理資訊技術到底可以幫助我們在農業的相關應用上做到什麼樣的程度，凡舉例來說，日本積極運用GIS技術建置農業地理資料庫。日本研發田間伺服器，透過監測系統可蒐集作物栽培區溫度、溼度、日光照射量、土壤水份含量等，可協助農民有效施肥、施蘗等，降底生產成本。先進國家透過GIS技術，可建立農用排水管路的使用年限、修復記錄等資料庫，也可提供即時防災資訊，透過衛星遙測結合地面觀測設備，可取代現行由人力進行的農損調查工作。近年來由於氣候變化劇烈，驟雨、颱風、海嘯等天災在世界各國不斷發生，造成農業財產損失，各國更加重視防救災工作。而防救災是一項全面性及延續性的工作。　　本論文先探討鎖孔標記語言(Keyhole Markup Language)的文件結構及應用於相關技術的可行性。以實際農業天然災害為例，使用鎖孔標記語言(Keyhole Markup Language)開發相關圖資，結合網頁、手機等現行的資訊設備，達成農業天然災害地理位置速報及災情影像上傳，於網頁呈現分析。也利用鎖孔標記語言(Keyhole Markup Language)的文件檔案的可攜性，將文件檔案依照其檔案內容作分類，方便搜尋與文件檔案的建置。　　本論文的結果可幫助農業天然災害防治在資訊技術及Web GIS的開發，將並了解及規劃資訊設備的使用，讓使用者能了解災害發生區域的範圍，提供防救災及探勘工作人員，預防方法減少災害發生及在真正發生災害時的因應對策。

關鍵字

Web GIS ； KML ；農業天然災害

並列摘要

With the rapid development of information technology, the application of information communicaton technology, such as in industry, agriculture is getting popular. Geographic information system (Geographic Information System, GIS), is a powerful software that allows a variety of ways to present information in space. As Geographic Information System popularizes relevant industries start to analyze its data and make decisions from GIS. 　　To what degree can we apply Geographic Information System in agriculture. For example, Japan actively takes advantage of GIS to establish the database of agricultural geography. Japan is working on field server to collect temperature, humidity, sun exposure, and soil moisture capacity in their crop cultivation areas through this monitoring system. It can help farmers fertilize and deliver drugs on their farms effectively, and lower the cost of production. People in developed countries can apply GIS to establish the limited years of the agricultural drainage pipelines, the database of repair records, and provide immediate disaster information. People combines the ground inspection equipment with satellite telemetry and it can work on the investigation of agricultural damage which now is done by men. Severe due to climate change in recent years, the showers, typhoons, tsunamis and other natural disasters continue to occur in the world, causing agricultural damage to property, countries pay more attention to disaster prevention and rescue work. 　　This thesis aims first to discuss the structure of Keyhole Markup Language (KML) and the practicability in applying its relevant techniques. Take actual agricultural natural disasters for example. We can use KML to explore its related map database, and combine the current information equipment, such as web pages, smartphone, to accomplish the quick geographical location reports of agricultural natural disasters, analyze them on web pages, and upload image of disaster. Also use the portable KML document files, file archives classified according to their content, easy to build search and document files. 　　The result of this thesis can help to explore the information techniques and Web GIS in agricultural disaster prevention, and understand and plan this information equipment. It also allows users to understand the scope of the disaster area to provide disaster prevention and exploration staff, methods of prevention and disaster reduction in real time for disaster countermeasures.

並列關鍵字

Web GIS ； KML ； Agricultural Natural Disaster

參考文獻

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壹、中文部份