本研究欲探究收入不均所產生的相對剝奪感是否會對臺灣中老年人的休閒參與產生影響。文中採用「民國九十六年臺灣地區中老年身心社會生活狀態長期追蹤(第六次)調查」資料,對象為臺灣地區50歲以上之中老年人,有效樣本為3,060筆,以簡單線性迴歸-最小平方法(OLS)進行迴歸分析;其中探討休閒參與類型歸納為五項,而相對剝奪感採用Yitzhaki index測量,分別以性別、年齡及教育程度組成八種不同比較族群以計算相對剝奪感數值。研究結果發現,由八種不同比較族群計算出之相對剝奪感數值對於整體休閒參與呈現顯著負相關,代表我國中老年人之休閒參與程度的確明顯受到收入不均所產生之相對剝奪感所影響;亦即相對剝奪感越大,中老年人之休閒參與越少。因此推論經濟上相對劣勢而造成心理上的不平衡可能會透過使休閒參與減少的途徑而導致國民健康的減損,最後造成醫療支出增加,進而增加國家財政負擔。
The purpose of this study is to examine whether relative deprivation in income inequalities has an effect on the leisure participation of the middle-aged and the elderly in Taiwan. Data for the analysis came from “The Longitudinal Sample Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan” conducted in 2007 by the predecessor organization of the Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health, and 3,060 samples were analyzed without incomplete data. We analyzed the association between five types of leisure participations and the Yitzhaki index of relative deprivation in income inequalities across 8 reference groups. After the OLS regression, we conclude that the effect of the relative deprivation to the leisure participation of the middle-aged and the elderly in Taiwan is significantly negative. That means the leisure participation of the middle-aged and the elderly in Taiwan did has been effected by the relative deprivation in income inequalities. The greater the relative deprivation, the more degree of the leisure participation of the middle-aged and the elderly in Taiwan will decrease. Therefore, we can draw inferences that national financial burden of medical expenditure will increase by the poor health of the nation caused by less leisure participation due to the psychological disequilibrium derived from economical relatively disadvantaged.