- 學位論文
眼動訓練遊戲開發探討自閉兒童與一般兒童的視覺注意力之表現
Eye tracking game development to explore the difference of visual attention between children with autism spectrum disorders and typically developing children
摘要
視覺在人的感官印象中佔了80%，一般人的雙眼總是會注視某個方向或是某個物體，而視覺也是我們在學習上的一個很重要的學習工具之一。近年來自閉症人口已逐年上升，在過去的研究中發現自閉症患者在眼動上與常人有所不同，是否能觀察自閉症兒童在遊玩數位內容的過程中，發現不同的視覺特性？眼動儀技術恰能幫助我們了解受試者的視覺位置。本研究結合遊戲式數位系統，利用眼動儀技術降低孩童在設備操作能力上的差異，紀錄4至6歲的38名一般孩童與4名自閉症孩童兩組的眼動數據，藉由受試孩童在實驗過程中的凝視(fixation)、跳視(saccade)等視覺特性來探討注意力分散可能的原因，並使用Intraclass Correlation Coefficient(ICC)信度指標探討本數位遊戲系統的可靠度。研究結果發現自閉症兒童在眼動視覺上跟一般孩童並無顯著差異。但兩組在短期記憶能力或語意理解能力有非常大的差異，研究發現自閉兒確實需要花比較多的時間去完成眼動控制遊戲，此外也發現長距離的視覺移動會影響注意力的分散。
並列摘要
Vision accounts for 80% of the human sense impressions and it is one of the most important tools for humans in acquiring knowledge. Generally, people fixate their vision in one direction or on an object. In recent years, a rise in the population of autistic people has been observed and past research indicates that autistic people have eye movements which differ from those of the general population. Hence, it would be interesting to examine whether autistic children can be observed while they are engaged in digital media such as games and thereby study their different visual patterns. Eye tracking technology could be used as a tool for analysing the loci of the participants’ focal points. This study employed a digital gaming system, along with eye tracking technology, for minimizing the differences in the children’s abilities of manipulating the test equipment. Eye movement data were collected from 38 normal children and 4 autistic children, ranging in age from 4 to 6 years. By testing the participants’ visual patterns (such as fixation and saccade movements) during the proposed experiment, possible reasons for distraction were explored. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was applied for testing the reliability of the digital gaming system used in this study. The obtained results showed that, with respect to saccade movements, the difference between autistic and normal children’s abilities is not significant. However, the two groups showed a significant difference in their abilities of short-term memory and semantic comprehension. The results obtained from this study revealed that autistic children need more time in finishing games which are controlled by eye movements. It was also found that greater distances for eye movements cause distraction.