應用Flexsim模擬倉儲系統以改善揀貨作業效率-以C公司(第三方物流)為例

近年來，隨著科技的日新月異及新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情所帶來的影響，民眾開始減少外出購物的習慣，消費行為逐漸轉往線上，進而帶動「宅經濟」的發展，而龐大訂單的湧入導致電商倉儲的需求擴增，為了控制成本及品質，避免物流壅塞及配送延遲等情況，大多數電商平台都會選擇外包第三方物流(Third-Party logistics，3PL)公司的服務來改善現況，並達到提高作業績效及降低成本的目標。而第三方物流在營運上所要面臨的困難為：人員流動率高、人力成本過高、作業效率低等問題。因此，為了改善經營上之困難，本研究著重在物流作業流程中的「揀貨作業」上，揀貨作業所耗費的作業成本約占物流中心整體作業的30%至40%，且所需人力資源佔整體物流人力50%以上，由此可知，有效分配揀貨人力資源，改善揀貨作業績效，對於提升第三方物流中心的整體作業績效具有決定性的影響。本研究以國內一家第三方物流業者的傳統型倉儲為例，對個案公司及其產業進行研究分析，以了解個案C公司在營運面上所面臨的迫切問題，並針對問題點，透過系統模擬軟體(Flexsim)，將C公司的揀貨方式、儲存策略、各項環境配置及數據等運用至軟體中，建構與現實情況相符的離散事件模擬模型(Discrete event simulation model)，並檢測當前執行揀貨作業的績效，再設置與原況不同的情境進行數據的分析比較，最終提出改善方案及建議，供個案公司作為改善揀貨作業配置之參考。本研究藉由不同情境及不同策略的組合進行模擬實驗，研究結果顯示，不論是原況所採用的人力資源配置及策略，或是進行比對的ABC分類儲存策略，在不同情境下的最適揀貨人員配置都是7人，且都能為個案公司提升11–13%的人員作業績效。

關鍵字

第三方物流；電商倉儲；揀貨作業；系統模擬；人力配置

並列摘要

In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology and the impact of the covid-19 epidemic, people began to reduce the habit of going out shopping, and consumption behavior has gradually shifted to online, which in turn drives the development of the " Stay-at-Home Economy". The influx of huge orders led to the expansion of e-commerce warehousing demand. In order to control costs and quality, avoid logistics congestion and delivery delay, most e-commerce platforms will choose to outsource the services of third-party logistics (3PL) companies to improve the current situation and achieve the goal of improving operation performance and reducing costs. However, the third-party logistics has to face difficulties in operation, such as high personnel turnover rate, high labor cost and low operation efficiency. Therefore, in order to improve the operational difficulties, this study will focus on the "picking operation" in the logistics operation process. The operation cost of picking operation accounts for about 30% to 40% of the overall operation of the logistics center, and the required human resources account for more than 50% of the overall logistics manpower. Therefore, it can be seen that the effective allocation of picking human resources can improve the performance of picking operation, it has a decisive impact on improving the overall operational performance of the third-party logistics center. This study takes the traditional warehouse of a domestic third-party logistics company as an example to study and analyze the case company and its industry, so as to understand the urgent problems faced by the case company in the operation,and for the problem points, through the system simulation software (Flexsim) is used to apply the picking method, storage strategy, various environmental configurations and data of the case company to the software, build a discrete event simulation model that is consistent with the actual situation, and detect the performance of the current picking operation, , and then sets different scenarios from the original situation to analyze and compare the data, and finally put forward improvement plans and suggestions for the case company as a reference for improving the configuration of picking operations. This study conducts simulation experiments by combining different scenarios and different strategies. whether it is the human resource allocation and strategies used in the original situation, or the ABC classification storage strategy for comparison, the optimal picking staffing in different scenarios is 7 people, and all of them can improve the staffing performance of the case company by 11-13%.

並列關鍵字

Third-party logistics ； E-commerce warehousing ； Picking operations ； System simulation ； Manpower allocation

參考文獻

英文文獻

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Ben-Mahmud, Y. S. (1987). The effect of warehouse layout on order-picking efficiency.

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/37720h159

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Bučková, M., Krajčovič, M., Edl, M. (2017). Computer Simulation and Optimization of Transport Distances of Order Picking Processes. Procedia Engineering, 192, 69-74.

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