學校組織文化與領導行為對教師工作滿足的影響-以臺中縣公立國民小學為例

The Influences of Organization Culture and Leader Behavior on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction—An Empirical Research on Public Elementary Schools in Taichung County

劉姿宏(Tzu-Hung Liu)

指導教授 ： 周素娥

國立臺中科技大學/商管學群/事業經營研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

工作滿足會影響組織能否有效能的運作。要提升員工工作滿足並讓組織有效能的運作，其中很重要的一項因素是具備優質組織文化。不同學校組織文化會影響教師對學校的認同、工作滿足的程度及未來願意繼續努力的程度。另外，領導人的行為，往往會影響組織成員做事態度，甚至改變整個組織價值理念。
過去學者研究教師工作滿足，往往僅偏重在學校組織文化對教師工作滿足之影響或是領導行為對教師工作滿足之影響，甚少一併考慮學校組織文化及領導行為二者對教師工作滿足的影響。本研究旨在同時探討學校組織文化及領導行為對教師工作滿足之影響、瞭解教師對學校組織文化認同程度、領導行為是否會對組織文化與工作滿足之關係產生干擾效果，讓領導者瞭解何種組織文化價值觀最能影響教師工作滿足，何種行為最能引導、激勵部屬，領導者得以作更深入的運用以提升教師工作滿足感。
研究對象為臺中縣165所公立國民小學，依據臺中縣政府主計處資料顯示，97年教師預算員額總計有6969人。採用分層隨機抽樣方式選樣，共計抽取82校，568份樣本，有效樣本為452份。使用t檢定、單因子變異數分析、卡方考驗、點二相關、Pearson相關分析、迴歸分析等方法進行統計分析。
研究結果顯示：學校組織文化與領導行為對工作滿足皆有顯著影響。學校組織文化方面以社區關係影響最大，表示教師與社區家長關係愈佳，工作滿足愈高。領導行為方面，關懷與體制行為對教師工作滿足皆有影響，又以關懷行為影響較大，表示領導者關懷行為可提升教師工作滿足。
另外，分別以領導行為之「關懷」「體制」因素作為干擾變數，發現組織文化「社區關係」與領導行為「體制」因素二個預測變項的交互作用項對工作滿足有顯著影響，表示當領導者表現出重視社區關係的體制行為時，對教師工作滿足有提升的效果。

關鍵字

組織文化 ； 學校組織文化 ； 領導行為 ； 工作滿足

並列摘要

Job satisfaction affects organization operation. One of the important concerns to enhance job satisfaction is the shared organization culture. From a school perspective, organization culture and leader behavior altogether influence teachers’ organization identity, job satisfaction and commitment as well.
Many researches have investigated the effects of organization culture on job satisfaction. Others explore the role and behavior of an organization leader to influence individual’s job satisfaction. Because a leader is the key to convey and practice the organization culture, it is important for leader to understand the factors which would affect job satisfaction. However, few studies identify the influences of leader behavior on the relationships between organization culture and job satisfaction.
Experiencing the recent educational reform and the reducing demographic birth rate, most elementary schools need to both accommodate with community needs and enhance enrollment rate to increase their performance. Facing these pressures, how can elementary school leaders maintain shared value as core competences become important. The purposes of this study are: to investigate the influences of organization culture and leader behavior on teachers’ job satisfaction; and to explore appropriate leader behavior for enhancing teachers’ job satisfaction.
Study samples of this research include all the public elementary schools located in Taichung County. A stratified sampling is used. The response rate is 82.75 %. After utilizing various statistical tests, this research finds that for those schools more emphasize on organization culture, their teachers tend to be more satisfied. While school leaders more emphasize on consideration, his/her colleges tend to be more satisfied. Nevertheless, consideration has no impact on the relationship between organization culture and job satisfaction. Initiating structure has no impact on the relationship between organization culture and job satisfaction except for the concern of community relations. Only when the school leader emphasize on community relations and thus put the community relations in formal or initiating structure, then, the community relations will affect teachers’ job satisfaction.

並列關鍵字

Organization Culture ； School Organization Culture ； Leader Behavior ； Job Satisfaction

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