敘事性圖畫書象徵分析模式建構之研究

Study on the Construction of Symbolic Analysis Model for Narrative Picture Book

黃天佑(Tian-You Huang)

指導教授 ： 詹玉艷

國立臺中科技大學/設計學群/商業設計系碩士班/碩士(2009年)

摘要

敘事性圖畫書的發展呈現意涵深刻化的趨勢，象徵成為表達深刻意涵的重要手法。對於敘事性圖畫書中的象徵表現及創作者如何運用的問題，本研究期以整理出象徵概念到符號化的脈絡關係。首先釐清不同領域對「象徵」一詞的詮釋取向，並建立圖畫書象徵系統，接著，結合文化符碼解讀三層說及Lakoff與Johnson的理論所發展出二領域模式及四空間模式等隱喻認知理論以理解敘事性圖畫書中象徵的運作，同時作為象徵分類基礎，進而建構敘事性圖畫書象徵分析模式，從策略層、意義層到技術層分析圖畫書中象徵的文化背景、意義與視覺符號化歷程。由相關社會文化背景詮釋作品之說服立場與策略，並進行作品之敘事結構分析，是為策略層的分析與整體象徵範疇；繼此依屬性、關聯性關係與概念隱喻理論建立分析象徵運作的隱喻六類型：外形相似、實質相似、關係相似(具S具T)、關係相似(具S抽T)、關係相似(抽S具T)、關係相似(抽S抽T)。以此六類型為敘事性圖畫書中的畫面、畫面中的元素、符號象徵表現分類並以隱喻認知模式檢視其象徵概念運作歷程，是為意義層的局部象徵分析；運用學者Perry Nodelman與徐素霞所提出圖畫書圖像表現要點並配合線條、色彩與光線、造形、空間與構成的探討，歸納出敘事性圖畫表現要點五項：動態與表情語言、造形與角色塑造、色彩與光線營造、空間規劃與構成、情境氣氛表現等。以此五點檢視意義層之概念視覺化，是為象徵符號化層次分析。最後，以此模式對三個象徵類型運用比重不同、敘事邏輯差異的樣本：《緋紅樹》、《鐵絲網上的小花》、《大猩猩》進行模式驗證與分析。本研究結果與發現如下：
1. 敘事性圖畫書象徵分析模式能解析：圖畫書背後的文化、社會價值體系；敘事脈絡下象徵概念的運作到符號化表現，作為創作者參考。
2. 三個樣本皆表現普遍性議題；象徵運作隱喻類型中，關係相似具象來源域對具象目標域(具S具T)、抽象來源域對具象目標域(抽S具T)二型，以單一事件、符號或整個畫面能清楚映射二域間的認知情境脈絡與邏輯關聯，並配合情節、敘事脈絡與故事內文，意涵解讀明確，因此成為作品中運用較多的類型。

關鍵字

敘事性圖畫書 ； 象徵 ； 文化符碼 ； 概念隱喻 ； 四空間模式

並列摘要

The development of narrative picture book shows the trend of deepening meaning, which symbolizes the important technique of expressing profound meaning. With regard to the symbolic expression of the narrative picture book and the problem of how the authors apply this expression, this study hopes to arrange the sequential relation from symbolic concept to symbol. First of all, how different fields explain “symbol” would be clarified and the symbolic system of picture book would be established. Then, the
cultural code is used to analyze the three perspectives (including strategy, meaning, and technique) and the metaphor and cognition theories, such as two-domain model and four-space model, which are developed by Lakoff and Johnson so as to understand the symbol in the narrative picture book; this also serves as the foundation of symbolic classification at the same time. And then, the symbolic analysis model of narrative picture book would be established, so as to analyze the cultural background, meaning, and visual symbolic progress that picture book symbolizes from the perspectives of
strategy, meaning, and technique. For the strategic analysis and overall symbolic category, the convincing standpoint and strategy of works would be explained by relevant social and cultural background, and then the narrative structure of works would be analyzed. The six metaphor categories that analyze symbol would thus be established
according to the above-mentioned attribute, relation, and a conceptual metaphor theory, which include surface similarity, literal similarity, relational similarity (concrete source
domain and concrete target domain), relational similarity (concrete source domain and abstract target domain), relational similarity (abstract source domain and concrete target domain), and relational similarity (abstract source domain and abstract target domain).
These six categories are regarded as the picture, the elements in the picture, and symbolic expression classification in the narrative picture book, and then the metaphor and cognition model is used to examine the progress of its symbolic concept; this is the
partial symbolic analysis in the meaning perspective. The essentials of picture book image expression that are proposed by Perry Nodelman and Su-Cia Xu are applied with the discussion about line, color, light, form, space, and constitution to generalize the five essentials of narrative picture expression, which are languages of movement and facial expression, formation of form and role, construction of color and light, space planning and constitution, and expression of situation and atmosphere. These five essentials are used to examine the conceptual visualization of meaning perspective, which is the so-called symbolic levels-of-analysis. Lastly, the three samples with different proportions and narrative logics, The Red Tree, Rose Blanche, and Gorilla are used to carry out model verification and analysis with regard to three symbolic
categories. The study result and finding are as follows:
1. Symbolic analysis model for narrative picture book can explain the culture that is hidden behind the picture book and the social values system. From the use of symbolic concept to the expression of symbols, the narrative context can be a reference for creators.
2. The three samples show general topics. For the symbolic metaphor category, the two types of relational similarity, concrete source domain towards concrete target domain and abstract source domain towards concrete target domain, can clearly map the cognitive-situational context and logical relation between two domains using single event, symbol, or entire picture. Furthermore, the meaning analysis is explicit with the help of plot, narrative context, and story content; thus, this category is mostly used in the works.

並列關鍵字

Narrative Picture Book ； Symbol ； Cultural Code ； Conceptual Metaphor ； Four-space Model

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