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  • 學位論文

多屬性決策評估方法之比較分析─以國內航空公司服務品質為例

Comparative Analysis of MADM Techniques-A Study of Service Quality for Domestic Airline

指導教授 : 顏憶茹 楊志文
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摘要


國內航空市場在面臨需求萎縮及高鐵競爭的衝擊下,各家航空公司為了吸引旅客,無不強調優良的服務品質、低票價及會員優惠等促銷方案以吸引旅客。航空公司所提供的各項服務,是否能得到較高的旅客滿意度,已成為航空公司所必須重視之要素。本研究探討在多屬性評估程序中,利用不同的評分語意、權重方法與評等技術於四家國內線航空公司服務品質之滿意度衡量,並將方案作優劣排序;及利用對屬性權重之敏感度分析,找出最具關鍵性之屬性。 由於過去研究在多屬性決策評估程序中,大多依賴決策者主觀所給定的權重,並未考慮到採用不同的權重方法可能會影響替選方案評估的結果。因此本研究除了運用不同權重方法進行評估計算,亦考慮不同的評等技術與評分語意,對服務品質之績效值是否有影響。在權重部份,分別討論主觀權重、客觀權重與折衷權重;在評等技術部份,採用TOPSIS與SMART;在評分語意部份,則分為明確語意與模糊語意。最後,將國內航空公司服務品質之指標,進行屬性權重敏感度分析,藉以瞭解旅客對於國內航空服務品質屬性之影響程度。 本研究使用SMART與TOPSIS加以分析比較。結果發現,(1) 權重方法:在SMART評等技術之主觀權重中,以ROC法表現最佳;在SMART與TOPSIS主觀、客觀與折衷權重中,皆以折衷權重表現最好;(2) 評等技術:在同為明確語意時,且同為主觀、客觀與折衷權重下,以TOPSIS評等技術最佳;(3) 評分語意:在明確語意與模糊語意中,使用TOPSIS評估四家國內航空公司服務品質,以模糊語意表現最好;(4) 屬性權重之敏感度分析:本研究使用相關分析,探討屬性權重之關聯程度,以確認關鍵屬性。在航空公司服務品質中,班機準點率較具影響力,而班機時刻的安排及相關資訊取得是否便利之影響力較小。

並列摘要


Facing the decreasing in demand and competition from High Speed Rail, domestic airlines make great effects on improving service quality, providing low ticket fare and offering frequent flying program to attract passengers. Airline companies should observe passengers’ responses on service quality to realize how important these service qualities are. This study investigates the measurement of service quality for domestic airlines by conducting with weight methods, ranking techniques and score linguistic techniques in Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) procedure. Except for comparing evaluating results of those alternatives, the correlation analysis of sensitivity was used to identify the crucial attributes. In the MADM procedure, attribute weighting is often subjectively given by the decision-maker. In fact, different weighting methods might affect the evaluation result. Therefore, this study examines the influence on the performance of domestic airlines service quality by adopting weight methods, ranking techniques and score linguistic techniques. In this paper, we discuss subjective, objective and compromised weighting methods, TOPSIS and SMART ranking techniques, and crisp and fuzzy linguistic expression. Among above MADM methods, SMART and TOPSIS were applied to analyze and compare evaluating results. Empirical results are as follows. First, the performance of ROC is the best within SMART by subjective weight. Second, it indicates that the performance of TOPSIS by subjective weight, objective weight and compromised weight is better than the result from SMART. Third, fuzzy TOPSIS in evaluating the four domestic airlines service quality performs better than TOPSIS. Finally, sensitivity analysis was used to identify the correlation among the attributes, and which can help further verify the critical ones. In conclusion, the punctuality of the flights has the greater impact, whereas the flight scheduling and the convenience of getting the related information possess less influence.

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