This study investigated the influence of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility on business performance. The research samples included companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange between 2014 and 2016. Based on empirical data, the regression analysis of corporate governance on business performance revealed that controlling the shareholding ratio of shareholders, the shareholding ratio of blockholders, and CEO duality positively influenced business performance, whereas board size negatively influenced business performance. Moreover, corporate social responsibility was positively correlated with business performance. The results from this study revealed that the firms taking favorable corporate social responsibilities increased their competitiveness and earnings. A favorable corporate governing system enabled the firms to achieve their operation goals, to increase their competitiveness, and to maximize the benefits for their management and shareholders.