基於預測誤差和直方圖修改之無失真資訊隱藏技術研究

圖像資訊隱藏是將所欲傳遞之訊息藏入圖像中，使傳遞資訊時不易被查覺，進而達到安全傳輸之目的。最近，可回復式訊隱藏已被廣泛提起，其最大特色即是當被藏匿資訊取出後，仍可還原其原始圖像內容，達到可回復效果。這樣可使重要載體在未被破壞狀態下，還可藏匿資訊於其中，以利於重要圖像可以正確辨識其原始狀態。而本研究方法將先提出使用直方圖修改結合JPEG2000中的離散小波轉換，將機密藏於頻率域中，增加資訊的藏密量。方法設計基於JPEG2000中的離散小波轉換，所以本方法可以直接應用於JPEG2000影像壓縮標準。接著提出基於圖像路徑掃描的方法，使用參考影像的最小成本展開樹找出一條路徑掃描影像，方法設計概念是跟據影像中的相鄰個兩像素值有高度相關的特性，將其相減取得預測誤差，產生出的統計資料就會具有在接近0時有較高的統計點的特性。藉此能提高直方圖統計的高峰以提升藏量，因為是基於直方圖修改的資訊隱藏技術，因此是具有可回復性的。實驗結果證實本論文所提出的兩個方法在測試影像上皆有較佳的資訊藏入量和影像品質。

關鍵字

可回復式資訊隱藏；直方圖修改； JPEG2000 ；離散小波轉換；預測誤差

並列摘要

The purpose of data hiding is to safely transmit secret information which embeds in images. Recently, the reversible data hiding has been widely instituted because of its reversible capability. This allows the hiding information extracting correctly and then the image recover to original state. In this study, the methodology combines histogram shifting and with discrete wavelet transform of JPEG2000 for hiding data in the frequency domain to increase the hiding capacity. Because of the design is based on discrete wavelet transform, it is suitable for the image compression standard of JPEG2000. After that, the content-based scanning path is found by minimum cost spanning tree according to reference pixels. Based on the requirement of the highly statistical correlation, the design concept is to make the prediction difference between the two neighbor pixels approach close to 0. This high histogram statistic can promote the capacity of embedded data with the reversible property. Experimental results show that the two methods presented in this study give better embedding capacity and image quality then some previous works.

並列關鍵字

reversible data hiding ； histogram shifting ； JPEG2000 ； prediction error

參考文獻

[1] Yun Q. Shi, Feng Liu, Weiqi Yan, “Transactions on Data Hiding and Multimedia Security IX,” Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 8363, 2014.

[2] Asifullah Khan, Ayesha Siddiqa, Summuyya Munib, Sana Ambreen Malik, “A recent survey of reversible watermarking techniques,” Information Sciences, Vol. 279, No. 20, pp. 251-272, 2014.

[4] M.U. Celik, Sharma G., Tekalp A.M., Saber E., “Lossless Generalized-LSB Data Embedding,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 253-266, 2005.

[5] Jun Tian, “Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol.13, No 8, pp. 890-896, 2003.

[7] Hsien-Chu Wu, Chih-Chiang Lee, Chwei-Shyong Tsai, Yen-Ping Chu, Hung-Ruei Chen “A high capacity reversible data hiding scheme with edge prediction and difference expansion,” The Journal of Systems and Software, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 1966-1973, 2009.

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基於預測誤差和直方圖修改之無失真資訊隱藏技術研究

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