- 學位論文
婦女自費接種人類乳突病毒疫苗行為意向之研究
The Behavioral Intention of Women Receiving Human Papillomavirus Vaccine at Their Own Expenses
摘要
子宮頸癌是全球婦女最常見的癌症之一，在台灣也不例外。近年來台灣政府防治策略，積極推廣子宮頸抺片檢查，主要針對30歲以上婦女進行子宮頸抺片篩檢。除了抺片篩檢外，隨著醫學愈來愈進步，目前已有人類乳突病毒疫苗（Human Papillomavirus Vaccine，簡種HPV疫苗），顯示HPV疫苗可達到十年以上的長期保護力，可以預防子宮頸癌及HPV相關癌症和疾病。根據臨床證據顯示HPV疫苗在9歲以上的婦女可以接種，對於HPV的型別也具有一定保護力。因此，探討婦女本身接種HPV疫苗的意向是相當重要的議題。 本研究運用計劃行為理論（Theory of Planned Behavior，簡稱TPB）為架構及知覺風險(Perceived Risk)做為設計基礎，來探討婦女自費接種HPV疫苗意向及相關因素。本研究設定對象為26歲以上之高雄市公司行號婦女，採便利收樣法，以結構式問卷調查，婦女自費接種HPV疫苗之行為態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制及行為意向外，並進一步探討可能影響婦女行為意向的知覺風險。本研究共發放200份問卷，回收200份，總回收率100%，有效問卷共198份，無效問卷共2份。以統計軟體SPSS18.0版進行統計分析。使用描述性統計分析及推論性統計分析，分析方法包括次數分配、百分率、平均值、標準差單因子變異數分析(one-way ANOVA)、t檢定、迴歸分析。 資料研究結果，婦女的行為態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制分別會對自費接種HPV疫苗行為意向具有正向影響。知覺風險，在本研究中似乎未能發揮明顯的影響力。婦女人口變項在知覺行為控制，顯示對於職業類別、月收入有顯著差異，其餘皆無顯著差異。對於行為態度、主觀規範及行為意向皆無顯著差異。婦女人口變項在知覺風險上，有部份顯著差異。本研究以計劃行為理論探討婦女自費接種HPV疫苗之行為意向，驗證其理論適用在健康行為之應用，建議未來研究可以利用此模式，進行相關研究；另外，政府應加強民眾子宮頸癌之預防正確醫療相關訊息，更需要讓一般婦女更加了解預防子宮頸癌及HPV相關疾病和HPV疫苗的安全性，增加接種HPV疫苗之信心。
並列摘要
Cervical cancer is one of the common cancers of women around the world and is no exception in Taiwan. In recent years, the prevention strategies of cervial cancer of the Taiwan government are to agressively promote pap smear screening mainly for women over 30 years of age. As the progress of new medical research, in addition to pap smear, there are human papillomavirus Vaccine (HPV vaccine), which can prevent cervical and other HPV-related cancer and disease and achieve long term protection for over ten years. Clinical evidence showed that HPV vaccine can be innoculated over 9 years of age, and had certain degree of protection for several types. Therefore, it is quite important to explore the intention of women in receiving HPV vaccination. The study ultilized Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB) and perceived risk as the basis of design to explore the intention and related factors of HPV vaccination. We enrolled the women who were over 26 years old in Kaohsiung city companies by convenience sampling and investigated their attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavior intention by structured questionnaire, and further explore the percieved risk that may affect women’s behavior intention. In this study, 200 questionnaires were distributed and 200 were recovered, so the total recovery was 100%. There are 198 effective questionnaires and 2 invalid questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software SPSS version 18.0. We used descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, and the analysis methods include the number of assignments, percentages, mean values, standard deviations, one-way ANOVA, t-test, and regression analysis. The results showed that women's behavioral attitudes, subjective norms and perceptual behavior control will have a positive effect on the behavioral intention of HPV vaccination at their own expense. The perceived risk does not seem to be able to exert the obvious influence. There were significant differences in occupational categories and monthly income in women's demographic variable in the perception of behavioral behavior. There were no significant differences in behavioral attitudes, subjective norms and behavioral intentions. There are some significant differences in the perceived risk of demographic changes in women. This study explores the behavioral intention of women in HPV vaccination, and validates the application of the theory to the health behavior. It is suggested that this model should be used for future research. In addition, the government should strengthen information of the prevention of cervical cancer, and need to make women understand the prevention of cervical cancer and HPV-related diseases and HPV vaccine safety better, to increase the confidence of vaccination with HPV vaccine.