社區活躍中老年人健康識能與中醫識能之探討

Assessing Health Literacy and Chinese Medicine Literacy of the Active Elderly at the Example of Communities

唐睿誼(Rui-Yi Tang)

指導教授 ： 鄭惠珠

義守大學/醫學院/醫務管理學系/碩士(2017年)

摘要

目的: 近年來健康識能受到全球廣泛的注意，利用設計良好的健康識能量表可以測量出民眾對於健康資訊的獲取、理解、評價和應用能力。本研究欲以探討經常參與社區活動，同時也曾參與醫院提供之衛教課程的中老年人的健康識能以及中醫識能的狀況。
方法:本研究以高雄某區域教學醫院周圍曾參與醫院社區活動之社區，活躍於社區老人健康促進活動的中老年人為對象，共有6個社區願意參與調查，共回收144份。資料內容以描述性統計及相關統計分析，並運用HLS-EU-Q47量表提供之健康識能指標公式，瞭解中老年人健康識能以及中醫識能是否充足。
結果與結論:本研究男女比例約為1:4，年齡平均為74.4歲，43.8%的受訪者教育程度為國小；46.5%偶爾收看醫療節目；66%沒有上網閱讀醫療資訊；59.7%的受試者沒有閱讀過醫療相關的期刊或者報章雜誌；66%偶爾參加醫療相關課程；健康識能總平均分數為30.87分，男性健康識能分數(33.15± 8.09)高於女性(30.3±9.83)。相關統計分析顯示，年齡與健康識能分數呈顯著負相關，教育程度與健康識能分數有顯著正相關，收看醫療節目、上網閱讀醫療資訊、閱讀醫療期刊以及參加醫療相關課程與健康識能分數有顯著正相關，而社會階層與健康識能分數有顯著正相關，健康識能與西醫門診次數呈現負相關，健康識能與運動頻率呈現正相關，健康識能與中醫識能呈現正相關。
綜合得知，即使受訪者越常參與社區活動以及醫院所舉辦的衛教，其健康識能分數仍然不高，可見未參與社區活動及醫院衛教的中老年人的健康識能狀況更令人擔憂。男性中老年人的健康識能平均分數較女性高，背後的原因可能是教育水準的影響。在中醫部分，一般而言，這群中老年人表示，獲得中醫資訊較為困難。從相關資料也可以看出，會主動尋求中醫協助的民眾中醫識能能力也越高。

關鍵字

健康識能 ； 社區衛教 ； 活躍老人 ； 中醫識能 ； 歐洲健康識能量表

並列摘要

Objective: Health Literacy has been noted all over the world in recent years. Health literacy can measure people’s knowledge, motivation and competences to access, understand, appraise and apply health information. This study explores the health literacy and Chinese Medicine Literacy of elderly who often joined in community activities and participated in the provision of health education courses offered by the regional teaching hospital.
Method: This study is based on a regional teaching hospital being involved in several community elderly health promotion activities in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. A total of six communities participated in the survey and 144 questionnaires were returned. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The health literacy index formula provided by HLS-EU-Q47 scale was used to understand whether the health literacy and Chinese Medicine Literacy was sufficient.
Result and Conclusion: In this study, male to female ratio is about 1:4. Participants are on average 74.4 years old. Most of them have only elementary school education (43.8% ) and a quarter has no school education at all. Most of them just watch health-related TV-programs occasionally (46.5%). 66% never search the internet for health issues, 59.7% never read health-related journals and 66% sometimes join the health-related courses. The average Health Literacy index of the population in community is 30.87± 9.47. The scores for women (30.03±9.83) and men (33.15 ± 8.09) differ significantly.
HL index scores is significantly negative associated with age and positively associated with education. Moreover we can observe a positive association with watching health-related TV, internet search, reading of health-related magazines and a participation of health-related courses. HL is significantly positive associated with self-perceived social status.HL is significantly negative associated with frequencies of visiting doctors. HL is significantly positive associated with frequencies of exercise. HL is significantly positive associated with Chinese medicine literacy.
Even if the elderly participants of the community join in health promotion activities by the hospital, the health literacy degree is problematic. On the other hand the health literacy of men is sufficient. One reason may be that their achieved degree of education is higher than among the female participants. For the same reason older participants have a lower health literacy score than the respondents with the lower age. With respect to the part of Chinese medicine, most of the elderly have difficulties in accessing the information about Chinese medicine. The group actively seeking help of Chinese medicine is likely to reach a higher Chinese medicine literacy level.

並列關鍵字

Health literacy ； Community Health Education ； Active aging elderly ； Chinese medicine Literacy ； HLS-EU-Qs

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