- 學位論文
粗甘油於超臨界狀態下之氣化
Gasification of Crude glycerol in Supercritical State
摘要
石化燃料是目前我們能量的主要來源，但燃燒時所產生的空汙問題及溫室氣體，對地球的傷害是與日攀升。許多國家紛紛投入研究替代能源的行列，而生質能是再生能源中最具有潛力的其中之一。主要來自於植物，最大的優點為可再生、可生物降解及對環境無害等，能有效減少石化能源的使用與溫室氣體的排放量。 近年來生質柴油之產量不斷攀升，使得副產物-粗甘油一併暴增，以致過量的粗甘油幾乎淪為廢棄物，市場價格一路下滑。本研究使用高溫高壓氣化粗甘油產生高熱值氣體，並觀察氣體產率及組成，探討粗甘油之利用價值。 實驗以批次式反應器進行，內容積為16 ml。主要操作參數為：反應溫度(400～600˚C)，反應添加物（甲醇、乙醇、水及椰子油，用以模擬粗甘油），金屬鹽類劑量（2或10 wt %）。氣體產物使用氣相層析儀分析，主要氣體成分為: 氫氣、一氧化碳、甲烷、二氧化碳及乙烷。結果發現，氣體產物中：含水之甘油混合物的氫氣產率相對較高，含金屬鹽之甘油混合物的甲烷、乙烷產率及氣體高熱值相對較高。至於金屬鹽劑量對甘油混合物氣化之結果並無顯著影響。
並列摘要
Fossil fuels are the main source of our energy. However, the harm to the environment is gradually increasing by the air pollution and the greenhouse effect caused by burning the fossil fuels. Many countries have joined the research on alternative energy sources. Biomass energy is one of the most promising renewable energy resources which comes mainly from plants. The biggest advantages include renewability, biodegradability and non-toxicity to the environment. Biomass energy can effectively reduce the use of fossil energy and the emission of greenhouse gases. The production of the biodiesel has been increasing in recent years and its main byproduct, crude glycerol, is also surging. Therefore, some crude glycerol is being treated as waste and its market price is declining. This study mainly uses high-temperature and high-pressure process to gasify crude glycerol to recover high energy-content gases. It is to investigate the recovery of crude glycerol as fuel gases by observing the yield and composition of product gas. Experiments were conducted with a 16-ml batch reactor. The major operating parameters include: reacting temperature (400-600˚C); additive (methanol, ethanol, water and coconut oil, used to simulate crude glycerol); metal salt dosage (2 or 10 wt %). The gas products are analyzed by a GC-TCD. The main composition is: H2, CO, CH4, CO2 and C2H6. The results show that the addition of water to the glycerol mixture increases the hydrogen yield of the gasification, and that the presence of metal salts increases the methane yield, the ethane yield and gas high-heating-value of the gasification. As to the dosage of metal salt, there was no clear effect on gasification.