運用整合性灰色決策分析於產品設計與開發之研究

The Application of Integrated Grey Decision Analysis in Product Design and Development

鄭宏昇(Hung-Sheng Cheng)

指導教授 ： 劉浩天

義守大學/管理學院/工業管理學系/博士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6343/ISU.2015.00182

摘要

品質機能展開(QFD)，主要是在產品設計與開發階段中能滿足顧客的需求時，同時改善產品的功能與特性以設計發展新產品。傳統的QFD 常藉著市場調查或顧客提供的意見，建立顧客需求要素，然而市場調查的結果與顧客意見常會有不確定，不清楚的語意以及不完全的資訊。另外，在發展QFD 的過程中常會面臨的問題是領域專家過於稀少。為解決此問題，利用灰色理論與品質機能展開發展出新的產品設計方法。近年來，已有幾位學者但他們的研究仍有可改善之處，例如：單一灰數值的使用，缺乏競爭分析、工程特性的改善以及原形產品的遴選等問題。為了解決此問題，本研究結合了區間灰數、QFD、TRIZ以及TOPSIS設計一套完整的灰色產品設計與改善方法(GPDI)。GPDI能幫助開發者在資料稀少、數據不完全的狀況下，鑑別重要的工程特性，並找出改善產品時所出現的矛盾狀況進而重新設計，最後藉由遴選的方式找出最佳的原型產品。此外，本研究發展二個新的區間灰數排序方法，提供區間灰數大小比較的指標。最後本研究將利用實際案例解釋整個GPDI過程，驗證本研究方法能有效應用在產品開發流程中。

關鍵字

產品設計 ； 灰色品質機能展開 ； 區間灰數 ； 灰色排序 ； 灰色TRIZ ； 灰色TOPSIS

並列摘要

Quality function deployment (QFD) can simultaneously consider both product functions and consumer needs in the stages of product design and manufacturing, so as to design new products. Traditional QFD often relies on market researches or customer questionnaire to collect customer opinions for establishing customer requirements (CRs). However, the results of market researches (or customer questionnaires) usually contain lots of uncertain and incomplete information. Moreover, there is a practical problem in implementing QFD as for the domain experts are rare and difficult to find. Recently, several researchers have applied the grey set theory in QFD and developed various product design methods. Nevertheless, there are certain aspects which require further investigation, such as single grey values, the necessity of a competitive analysis, improvement of engineering characteristics (ECs) and prototype product selection. To resolve these issues, this study integrates interval grey numbers, QFD, TRIZ and TOPSIS techniques to develop a grey product design and improvement (GPDI) method. GPDI can help product developers identify important engineering characteristics, provide possible improvement suggestions for ECs contradictions and select the best prototype product(s). Furthermore, this study develops two new grey ranking methods to rank interval grey numbers. Finally, a real-world case study is offered to explain the research process of the proposed GPDI method and validate the practicality of the proposed method.

並列關鍵字

Product design ； grey QFD ； interval grey number ； grey ranking ； grey TRIZ ； grey TOPSIS

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