居家照顧服務員的性別角色限定與工作內容- 性別刻板印象之影響

目的：從性別刻板印象解釋居服員的性別限定現象與不同性別居服員的服務內容差異。男性居服員很少被派去服務女性個案，女性居服員服務男性個案卻被視為理所當然，有哪些是來自性別意識形態的影響?居服員常被要求執行工作範圍以外的業務，兩性居服員被要求的額外業務類型是否有差異?性別刻板印象如何影響居服員面對額外要求時，做與不做的選擇？方法：資料蒐集採質性研究深度訪談法，依半結構式的訪談大綱進行訪談，受訪者包括男性居服員4名、女性居服員7名、居服督導2名，共計13名。資料分析採用敘事研究法，以受訪者描述的事件情節為素材，分析受訪者的行為、價值觀與背後的理念。結果：督導派遣居服員時有性別限定現象，女性被服務者與其家屬反對男性居服員的原因包括不習慣異性接觸身體、認為居服員是女性從事的工作、認為男性居服員不夠細心，督導會把較有爭議或較壯碩的男性個案安排給男性居服員，有些女性居服員認為女性個案比較難搞、要求多，主動選擇只做男性服務使用者。服務使用者提出多餘的工作大多為家事服務，提出者多為女性個案或其女性家屬，女性居服員比男性居服員更常面臨非專業範圍的要求，居服員們依據與個案間的感情深度決定是否要答應非專業的要求。

關鍵字

質性研究；居家照顧服務員；性別刻板印象；居服督導；家事服務

並列摘要

Objectives: This study is concerned with explaining gender-specific phenomenon and distinct service content provided by home care workers in distinction of gender stereotypes. Male home care workers are rarely accredited to serve female cases, but it is admitted that female home care workers are responsible for serving male cases. What are the effects of gender ideology? Home care workers are often required to offer service beyond their scope of work. Is there any difference between the types of additional services which home care workers are requested to provide? How does gender stereotype affect the compliance of home care workers with extra requirements? Methods: This study is conducted by in-depth interviewing of qualitative research. Interviewees participate in semi-structured interview. The interviewees are 4 male home care workers, 7 female home care workers, and 2 home care supervisors. There are 13 in total. Narrative research approach is adopted to analyze the behavior, value, and philosophy of interviewees. Result: Gender-specific phenomenon exists in the delegation of home care workers from home care supervisors. The reasons why female recipients of service and their family members are opposed to male home care workers are not being accustomed to contacting the body of opposite sex, having belief that home care services is a job for women, and not being careful enough during the process of male home care workers providing service. Controversial or strong male cases will be arranged for male home care workers. Some female home care workers believe that female recipients of service are more difficult and more demanding, so they take the initiative in choice of serving only male recipients of service. Recipients of service make extra request of domestic chores. They are mostly female or the family members of female recipients of service. Female home care workers often face more non-professional requirements than male home care workers. Home care workers decide whether or not to meet the non-professional requirements of their recipients of service depending on the emotional depth in their relationship.