- 學位論文
國內中、低所得對社會經濟影響之研究
The Effect of Middle-Low Income Families on Socioeconomic: the Empirical Study in Taiwan
摘要
本研究針對1991-2015 年「家庭收支調查報告」進行調整後，將家戶比例區分為上、中、下層三個階級，並以五分位法劃分所得份額，藉由中、下層家戶比例與低、中低、中層家庭的所得份額，探討中、低所得對社會經濟之影響。 迴歸分析顯示，所得份額與家戶比例對人均GDP 的檢定均達到顯著水準；刑案發生率部分，中低、中層份額佔率呈現反向顯著，家戶比例則是中、下層呈現反向顯著；生育率部分，僅低層家庭的份額佔率以及下層家戶比例達顯著水準；中低、中層份額對男、女平均初婚年齡皆呈現正向顯著，而家戶比例部分，僅中層家戶對女性平均初婚年齡呈正向顯著；中低、中層所得份額對自殺率呈現反向顯著，而家戶比例僅下層呈現正向顯著。 根據實證結果，所得結構確實與人均GDP、刑案發生率、生育率、自殺率、男性平均初婚年齡、女性平均初婚年齡存在一定的影響，拉進所得差距與穩固中產階級可改善社會經濟；值得注意的是犯罪型態的日新月異可能影響民眾的犯罪意願與犯罪手段；而年輕人對婚姻的考量可能隨著時代改變，不同於從前著重在經濟與生育上的考量。
並列摘要
The adjusted "Report on the Survey of Family Income & Expenditure" from 1991 to 2015 is used in this study. Divided the proportion of population into upper, middle and lower classes, and divided the income share by the quintile method. Using proportion of middle and lower population, with first, second, and third quintile income share to explore the socioeconomic influence of distribution of Middle-Low income class. Empirical results show that both the income share & the proportion of population are significant on GDP per capita. Second and third quintile income share and the proportion of middle and lower population are significantly negatively correlated with the crime rate. In the fertility rate, only lower proportion of population and first quintile income share is significant. Second and third quintile income share are positive correlation, in average age of first marriage both male & female. But only proportion of middle population is positive correlation with average age of female first marriage. Second and third quintile income share and proportion of lower population are significant negative correlated with Suicide rate. Based on our empirical study, Middle-Low Income do have some influence on GDP per capita, criminal rate, fertility rate, suicide rate, average age of first marriage male/female. So we can fix the wealth inequality and make the middle class stable to improve the socioeconomic. It's noteworthy that the ever-changing patterns of crime may affect people's criminal desire and modus operandi. In the past, people marry for the economy and fertility. Different from the previous, young people's consideration of marriage may change with the times.