中國參與聯合國非洲維和行動的軍事意涵

「政治是軍事的目的」而「外交是內政的延伸」二語，足堪說明軍事與外交分屬不同的領域。然就兩者本質而言，軍事是屬暴力的本質，戰爭是軍事最高的展現方式，而外交的本質則是強調和平，所呈現出特徵是談判與協商，但是兩者的共同處，皆是為「政治」目的而服務，是故「軍事外交」乃透過軍事暴力的本質，但是手段是強調和平談判運用，藉以爭取政治最高目的─國家利益之工具。就中國參與聯合國維和行動而言，維和行動係屬軍事外交性質之一部，除了涉及軍事行動領域，更廣泛涵括「公眾外交」國家形象的形塑，更是對於中國改革開放後，綜合國力不斷提升，在國際上展現負責任大國形象之重要途徑，藉以消弭中國實力崛起之負面評價─「中國威脅論」，為國家經濟發展持續性創造外部有利條件。非洲尚屬世界待開發區域，有著富饒的資源，中國從過去迄今積極對於非洲地區汲汲經營，自有著優勢影響力，另從中國改革開放後在此區域投入參與聯合國維和行動之能量而言，確有符合其國家利益上之追求價值。本研究探討中國參與聯合國非洲維和行動的軍事意涵，其動機及目的，透過文獻的蒐集、分析、歸納，研究所得結果如下：1.著重於國家形象的建立。2.以國家利益為主。3.為確保國家政治立場。

關鍵字

中華人民共和國；聯合國維和行動；軍事外交；非洲

並列摘要

The proverbs "Politics is the purpose of military" and "Diplomatic is the extension of internal affairs" may adequately express that military and diplomatic are in different domains. However, when it comes to the nature of them, the nature of military is violence and the ultimate style of it is war yet diplomatic puts emphasis on peace that shows the characteristic of negotiation and coordination. Nevertheless, both of them have one thing in common which is to serve for "politics". Therefore, "military diplomatic" is a tool for pursing national benefits through the military with its violence nature in one hand whereas using peace talk in the other. As for the event that People's Republic of China (PRC) conducts the peacekeeping operation, it is a part of military diplomatic; not only does PRC involve in the operation but also constructs the national image of "public diplomatic" broadly. Moreover, it is an important way to show a big nation has responsibility to the international community with its increasing national power since the policy of "reform and opening to the world". By doing so PRC tends to refute the negative review such as "China threat theory" and to create a favorable atmosphere for the development of economy continuously from external. Around the world, many of the lands in Africa are not developed so the resources in them are abundant. PRC has been participating in many affairs in Africa from the past so it definitely has more influence than other countries. Furthermore, considering how much efforts has PRC taken part in peacekeeping operations since the "reform and opening to the world" policy, it sure matches the value of pursuing the nation benefits. The research discusses the military meaning that PRC plays a role in peacekeeping operation in Africa, by collecting, analyzing and concluding the literatures, the results are as follow: 1. Put emphasis on establishing the positive image of nation. 2. Focus on the benefits of the nation. 3. Ensuing the nation's politic position.