醫療工作者工作時間與健康狀態之相關性研究

Correlation between Health Care Workers’Working Hours and Their Health Status

陳念娸(Nien-Chi Chen)

指導教授 ： 謝幸燕

義守大學/醫學院/醫務管理學系/碩士(2017年)

摘要

目的：探討目前大型醫院醫護人員普遍出現的超時工作現象，是否會影響員工的身體及心理健康風險。
方法：以南部某區域醫院的所有醫療工作者為樣本，利用普查方式在醫院進行年度健康檢查時發放問卷，共發放2788份，回收2294份問卷，排除遺漏值後，樣本數為1900人，有效回收率為68.15%，再使用去連結後之次級資料進行回溯性研究分析。
結果：全院醫療工作人員研究樣本平均年齡為35.29 歲，一週工作時數超過40小時者佔 61.7%；一日工作時數超過8小時者佔42.8%。健康風險包括心理健康、工作疲勞、心血管疾病及肥胖。心理健康(以華人健康量表CHQ-12施測)4分以上之比例為8.1%；工作疲勞量表(使用勞動部工作相關過勞量表)分三級，中度、重度程度佔全部40.2%；十年內罹患心血管疾病之風險估算值參考中華民國心臟學會使用佛朗明翰量表(Framingham risk score施測)平均百分比為2.24%；身體質量指數(BMI)平均為23.67，超過正常值的比例為44.8%。迴歸分析結果顯示超時工作對心理壓力、工作疲勞及心血管風險發生率有顯著影響。
結論：每日工作時間對心理壓力、工作疲勞感及身體質量指數有顯著影響，但對威脅生理的健康狀態(心血管風險)無顯著影響。建議院方改善醫療工作者的心理壓力及工作疲勞感、提倡健康促進來降低BMI、針對健康風險族群較高的對象並安排後續的關懷計畫，以降低臺灣醫護人員的健康風險、創造優質的職場環境。

關鍵字

醫療工作者 ； 工作時間 ； 超時工作 ； 健康風險

並列摘要

Objectives: To explore whether working overtime, which is prevalent among health care workers in large-scale hospitals in Taiwan, jeopardizes their physical and mental health.
Methods: Health care workers in a regional hospital in Southern Taiwan were targeted. Questionnaires were distributed to the workers when they underwent an annual health examination in the hospital. A total of 2788 copies were distributed and 2294 were returned. After responses with missing values were excluded, 1900 valid responses were collected, yielding a valid response rate of 68.15%. Anonymized secondary data were then used to conduct retrospective analysis.
Results: The average age of the research sample was 35.29 years. Among the studied subjects, 61.7% worked more than 40 hours a week, and 42.8% worked more than 8 hours a day. Health status including psychological health, work-related fatigue, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity were analyzed. Subjects who scored 4 points or higher in the 12-item Chinese Health Questionnaire for measuring mental health accounted for 8.1%; those who attained moderate and severe levels of work-related fatigue in the overwork scale developed by the Ministry of Labor accounted for 40.2%. Subjects’ 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular diseases calculated according to the Framingham risk score was 2.24% on average. Their average body mass index (BMI) was 23.67 and 44.8% of the subjects’ BMI exceeded the healthy weight range. Regression analysis results indicated that working overtime had significant effects on psychological stress, work-related fatigue, and risks of cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusion: Working overtime correlates with negative impacts on psychological stress, work-related fatigue, and BMI, but no significant effect is noted on physical health ( risks of cardiovascular diseases) among health care workers. In order to accommodate favorable workplace environments, hospital managers need to take action to enhance health-promoting behavior for those who works overtime to alleviate psychological stress and fatigue, to arrange health management plans for workers with high risk health status including increased BMI level.

並列關鍵字

health care worker ； working hour ； working overtime ； health risk

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