交通事故中車輛速度推定方法之探討

車速是交通事故發生的重要因素之一，尤其是傷亡與嚴重財損之交通事故與車速關係更大，因此交通事故發生時正確推定車速，是肇事責任分析的重要因素；惟交通事故發生後車輛已停止，要推定事故發生時車速，影響變數多有一定困難度。現行交通事故發生時車速的推定，通常利用行車紀錄器(紙盤式)、車內影像紀錄器、道路影像紀錄器、煞車痕長或煞車停止距離長、駕駛人自述或證人證述、車輛停止後儀表板車速顯示值等六種方法來推定車速。但多數事故發生時，事故車輛通常未裝置行車紀錄器(紙盤式)、車內影像紀錄器、事故現場未裝置道路影像紀錄器、車輛停止後車速儀表板車速顯示值已歸零、事故現場無煞車痕或無法確認煞車起點等而無法推定車速。在此情況下僅能依據駕駛人自述或第三人證述之推定車速值，而駕駛人推定之車速值欠缺客觀依據，駕駛人通常為逃避責任，推定之車速值通常比實際車速低且合乎道路限速規定；而第三人推定車速值也欠缺客觀依據。因此以上推定車速法除行車紀錄器(紙盤式)推定車速值外，其他方法因影響變數多或因主觀推定欠缺客觀依據或電力系統未損壞車輛停止後車速儀表板車速顯示值已歸零等因素，對於事故前車速推定值經常遭受當事人質疑。本研究提出儀表板車速影像紀錄器記錄車速影像推定車速法，運用影像紀錄器記錄車輛儀表板車速影像，由車速影像直接推定車速值，每次實測由影像紀錄器鏡頭，同時記錄本研究提出的車輛儀表板車速影像及其他推定車速法影像與煞車痕長度、煞車停止距離、當事人(證人)推定車速值、車輛停止後儀表板車速顯示值等相關數據，並以記錄之數據推定各次實測實驗時車輛於定速觀測區之平均車速值，作為各種推定車速法之分析比較。另於實測實驗後以雷射測速儀及車輛儀表板車速影像紀錄器與車內影像記錄器，檢測驗證實測車輛儀表板車速顯示值，並分析各種推定車速法之推定車速值的影響因素，以提供相關機關、交通事故處理與鑑定人員另一種正確有效之交通事故發生時推定車速法，解決交通事故中推定車速問題，並讓駕駛者知道為保障自身權益車輛可以安裝儀表板車速影像紀錄器，做為日後交通事故發生時正確推定車速。

關鍵字

交通事故；車速；推定車速；行車記錄器；影像紀錄器

並列摘要

Vehicle speed is one of the important factors in the occurrence of traffic accidents, especially the traffic accidents with serious casualties and serious financial losses have a greater relationship with the speed of the vehicle. Therefore, correctly estimating the speed of the vehicle when the traffic accident occurs is an important factor in the analysis of the responsibility of the accident; It has been stopped, and it is necessary to estimate the speed of the vehicle at the time of the accident. It is difficult to influence the number of variables. The presumption of the speed of the current traffic accident usually uses the driving recorder (tray type), the in-vehicle image recorder, the road image recorder, the length of the brakes or the long stopping distance of the vehicle, the driver's self-report or witness statement, the vehicle stops. Six methods, such as the dashboard speed display value, are used to estimate the vehicle speed. However, in most accidents, the accident vehicle usually does not have a driving recorder (tray type), an in-vehicle image recorder, an accidental scene without a road image recorder, and the vehicle speed indicator value has been reset to zero after the vehicle is stopped. It is impossible to estimate the speed of the car without a car mark or the starting point of the car. In this case, the vehicle speed value can only be estimated based on the driver's self-reported or third-party test, and the driver's estimated vehicle speed value lacks an objective basis. The driver usually evades the responsibility, and the estimated vehicle speed is usually lower than the actual vehicle speed. The road speed limit is stipulated; and the third person's estimated speed value is also lacking an objective basis. Therefore, the above-mentioned presumed speed method is not only the estimated speed of the vehicle recorder (tray type), but also the other methods are subject to variable variables or subjective presumptions lacking objective basis or the power system is not damaged. The factor is often questioned by the parties for the pre-accident speed estimate. This study proposes that the instrument speed image recorder records the vehicle speed image estimation speed method, uses the image recorder to record the vehicle speed image of the vehicle dashboard, and directly estimates the vehicle speed value from the vehicle speed image. The research uses the self-measured road test method to install four (five-lens) image recorders on the actual vehicle and road. Each time the image recorder lens is measured, the vehicle speed image and other presumptions of the vehicle are also recorded. Vehicle speed image and the length of the vehicle, the stopping distance of the vehicle, the vehicle speed of the party (witness), the display speed of the instrument panel after the vehicle is stopped, etc., and the recorded data is used to estimate the vehicle in the fixed speed observation area. The average vehicle speed value is analyzed and compared as various estimated vehicle speed methods. In addition, after the actual test, the laser speedometer and the vehicle dashboard speed image recorder and the vehicle image recorder are used to detect and verify the vehicle speed display value of the measured vehicle dashboard, and analyze the influencing factors of the estimated vehicle speed values of various vehicle speed estimation methods. Provide relevant agencies, traffic accident handling and appraisers, another correct and effective traffic accident when the vehicle speed method is presumed, solve the problem of estimated speed value in traffic accidents, and let the driver know that the vehicle speed image recorder can be installed to protect the vehicle. As a correct estimation of the speed of the vehicle in the event of a traffic accident in the future.