摘 要 由於人類過度的開發,造成地球資源逐漸耗竭,環境品質持續惡化,全球氣候大變遷,促使環保觀念興起,因此「永續發展」成為當前國內外各界高度關注的議題。鑑於全球在永續發展指標的發展上,因永續觀點的不同,對指標間的優先價值權衡亦有不同,所以需要對永續發展指標之相對重要程度加以權重分析,以作為規劃決策的引導。 本研究應用層級分析法 (Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP) 理論,進行學者、政府機關、環保團體、ㄧ般民眾等對聯合國永續發展指標權重之探討,經整理分析後,期望能歸納出最重要之共同觀點,而獲得本研究結果,可提供未來研究者、相關單位在永續發展指標訂定及推動時之權重參考。 研究者藉由聯合國永續發展委員會 (United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, UNCSD) 所建構之永續發展指標系統的主要領域及範疇項目彙整成本研究之層級架構,並以此編製AHP相對權重之研究問卷。 問卷回收後,經由一致性檢定篩檢出有效問卷,以控制結果的可信度,藉由層級分析法之成對比較過程,獲得準則間的相對重要性權重值,建立權重體系,以提供未來相關單位有效之參考訊息。本研究分析之結果如下: 一、在評估要素層,整體專家認為最重要的要素依序為:「環境」(0.498)、「經濟與制度」(0.289)、「社會」(0.213)。 二、在「社會」要素準則層,整體專家認為最重要的準則依序為:「健康」(0.298)、「教育」(0.182)、「治安」(0.181)、「平等」(0.163)、「居住」(0.104)、「人口」(0.071)。 三、在「環境」要素準則層,整體專家認為最重要的準則依序為:「大氣」(0.354)、「生物多樣性」(0.208)、「淡水」(0.167)、「土地」(0.146)、「海洋及海岸」 (0.126)。 四、在「經濟與制度」要素準則層,整體專家認為最重要的準則依序為:「經濟結構」(0.386)、「消費及生產模式」(0.220)、「制度架構」(0.200)、「制度能力」(0.193)。 五、要素準則整體權重前5項準則依序為「大氣」(0.185)、「經濟結構」(0.100)、「生物多樣性」(0.093)、「淡水」(0.085)及「土地」(0.072)。
Abstract Excessive development by humans has resulted in gradual exhaustion of earth resources, continuous deterioration of environment quality and global climate change. As a result, environmental protection concept has emerged, and sustainable development becomes the concern of many countries. Due to different sustainable development concepts of the countries, the priority value of global sustainable development indicator differs in measurement. Indeed, sustainable development indicators are assigned with weights for analysis to guide planning decision-making. This study used Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to discuss the opinions of experts, government departments, environmental organizations and the public on UN sustainable development indicators. After review and analysis, this study intended to conclude the important and common views so as to obtain the research results, which can serve as the reference for the researchers and related bureaus to determine sustainable development indicators and weights while implementing the indictors. This study used main scope and categories of sustainable development indictor system constructed by United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) to construct the hierarchical structure, which is used for compilation of survey questionnaires of AHP relative weights. After collection of questionnaires, the valid questionnaires were selected based on consistency test so as to control reliability of results. The weights of relative importance of criteria were obtained from pairwise comparison of Analytic Hierarchy Process to construct weight system, and provide the effective reference for the relevant departments. The study results are as follows: 1. In evaluation of key element layer, the important elements considered by experts are as follows: “environment” (0.498), “economy and system” (0.289) and “society” (0.213). 2. In society criterion layer, the most important sub-criteria considered by the experts are prioritized: “health” (0.298), “education” (0.182), “public safety” (0.181), “equality” (0.163), “habitation” (0.104) and “population” (0.071). 3. In “environment” criterion layer, the most important sub-criteria considered by the experts are prioritized: “atmosphere” (0.354), “biodiversity” (0.208), “fresh water” (0.167), “land” (0.146) and “ocean and seashore” (0.126). 4. In “economy and system” criterion layer, the most important sub-criteria considered by the experts are prioritized: “economic structure” (0.386), “consummation and production model” (0.220), “system structure” (0.200) and “institutional capability” (0.193). 5. The five top sub-criteria of element weights are prioritized as follows: “atmosphere” (0.185), “economic structure” (0.100), “biodiversity” (0.093), “fresh water” (0.085) and “land” (0.072).