學齡前兒童零食攝取現況與父母態度行為之關係

The Relationship between Snack Intake of Preschool Children and Parental Attitudes and Behaviors

王慧瑜(Hui-Yu Wang)

指導教授 ： 嚴金恩

朝陽科技大學/人文暨社會學院/幼兒保育系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

從早期社會至今，已有許多伴隨著人們成長中不可或缺的零食，不管是甜味零食、鹹味零食、糖果或是含糖飲料等，每樣商品不但深受小朋友喜愛，更是擄獲大人們的購買慾。也因此人們時常忽略了零食中所含的成份或人工添加劑，易導致健康與行為問題。研究指出，學齡前兒童之不健康的飲食習慣形成因素，其最主要的原因是父母平常的態度和行為。過去許多研究發現，學齡期兒童攝取零食有逐漸增加的趨勢，但在學齡前兒童零食攝取狀況卻未廣泛的調查。因此，本研究旨在探討學齡前兒童零食攝取情況以及父母對孩童攝取零食的態度行為與孩童零食攝取行為之相關性。本研究以隨機方式抽取大台中地區五所幼兒園4到6歲的學齡前兒童為調查對象，由家長或主要照顧者填寫問卷。本研究共有162位學齡前兒童參加，89%的學齡前兒童平常有吃零食的習慣；學齡前兒童喜好的零食排行，前三名分別為海苔（84%）、餅乾和布丁（81%）、乳酸飲料（79%）；學齡前兒童零食攝取頻率最高的為餅乾，其次為加工乳製品與軟糖；母親的教育程度與孩童有無攝取零食的習慣有顯著關係（p=0.01），母親教育程度越高，其孩童有攝取零食習慣的比例越低；除此之外，本研究結果顯示，父母是否吃零食與孩童攝取零食習慣具有顯著關係（p=0.001），即平時有攝取零食的父母，其孩子也有攝取零食的習慣；父母是否認為孩子可以攝取零食與孩童攝取零食習慣亦具有顯著性（p=0.001），故認為孩子可以攝取零食的父母，其孩子也有攝取零食的習慣。父母必須以身作則，給予正確的健康飲食行為示範，建立學齡前兒童良好的飲食觀念與行為。另外，平時應多提供新鮮、健康、營養價值高的食品，遠離高油、高糖、高鹽、高熱量的垃圾食物給幼兒，以促進學齡前兒童健康之發展。

關鍵字

學齡前兒童 ； 零食 ； 父母態度行為

並列摘要

From early society until now, there are so many snacks accompany people going through their growing stages. The various kinds of snacks are favored by both children and adults. However, at the time we enjoy the snacks, we neglect some health problems due to eating snacks with some unhealthy ingredients and artificial additives. The study indicated that parental behavior and attitude are the main reasons that cause the preschool children unhealthy eating habits. There are many studies found that there are more and more school-age children eating snacks. However, the condition of preschool children’s snack-eating habits is not complete investigation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the snack-eating habits of preschool children and the relationship with parental attitude. The study subjects were recruited from five kindergartens in Taichung City. The questionnaires are filled by their parents or guardians. A total of 162 preschool children (ages 4-6 years) were participation in this study. The result of this study showed that 89% children are used to eating snacks. The children’s favorite top three snack were dried seaweed (84%), cookie and pudding (81%) and yogurt drinks (79%). The largest snacks intake frequency of preschool children is cookies, process dairy product and soft candy in sequence. The snack-eating habit of preschool children was significant association with their mother’s education level. The higher of mother’s educational levels, the lower of their children intake snacks. The result of this study showed that parents snack-eating habits significant association with their children snack-eating habits. The means parents used to eat snack, their children also snack-eating habits. Besides, whether parents consent their children to eat snack was significant association with their children snack-eating habits. Therefore, parents consent their children to eat snack, their children also snack-eating habits. Parents should nurture good dietary habits of their own and establish the concept and behavior of healthy diet in preschool children. Furthermore, parents should provide more fresh and healthy food and keep the junk food with high-sugar, high-salt and high fat away from children.

並列關鍵字

snack ； parental attitudes and behaviors ； preschool children

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