整合三維建物模型與紅外線熱影像進行結構缺陷偵測研究

Combining the 3d Model Generated by Point Clouds and Thermal Infrared Images to Identify the Detects of the Building Facades

洪嘉鍵(JIA-JIAN HONH)

指導教授 ： 黃怡碩

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/營建工程系/碩士(2019年)

摘要

結構物表面損傷，常引起漏水及貼著物剝落，影響建築物的壽命與行人的生命安全。近年來，三維空間資訊獲得的方法眾多且普遍，三維空間資訊的獲得不再遙不可及。紅外線熱影像可提供物體的表面溫度；表面溫度之間差異過大處，往往為結構物缺陷所在。本研究計畫擬提出整合紅外線熱影像與三維空間資訊的結構物，建立結構物表面缺陷檢測系統。點雲因其來源不同，所提供三維空間資訊的細緻程度亦不同；本研究採用UAV攝影測量進行點雲匹配(使用Pix4D軟體)，並針對目標進行環繞拍攝，建構更完整的三維結構物模型。運用紅外線熱影像進行非破壞檢測，常受到陰影及反光的外界因素干擾，本研究引進相乘模組，利用水平集進行數值求解，產生改正後熱影像，增加利用紅外線熱影像於非破壞檢測上的正確性；如改正後區域仍與其周遭溫度差異過大，即可被視為缺陷。最後，結合三維空間資訊模型與分割後的熱影像，提供結構物的檢測系統；此一系統不僅提供結構物的缺陷，更提供其在結構體中所對應的空間位置。如此一來，所發展之系統可以提供結構物表面缺陷的完整空間資訊系統，並可以此為依據，進行維修補強。

關鍵字

點雲匹配 ； 紅外線熱影像 ； 陰影 ； 反光 ； 缺陷檢測

並列摘要

Monitoring the health conditions of buildings is a crucial step to extend the life cycles of buildings, especial for those aged buildings. Those aged buildings always contain lots of defects which will cause permanent damages to buildings unless those weaknesses can be identified and fixed. Recently, there are many ways to efficiently collect the 3D spatial information of an object. To restore a 3D model from the collected point clouds in a short time is feasible and reliable. Thermography is used to record the surface temperature information. The surface temperature information is an important clue to indicate the defects presented in the building because those defects could be found in those areas whose surface temperatures are different with their surrounding neighbors. The proposal offers a schematic approach to integrate point clouds collected by various sensors and the segmented thermography to establish a 3D visual system for examining the defects presented in building facades. Point clouds from different sensors offer the various details of the scanned objects. Adopting Unmanned Aerial Vehicle to measure and match point clouds (by Pix4D), focusing on the object to conduct surround shot to establish a more integrated 3d model. Using thermography to conduct nondestructive testing often disturbed by environmental factors such as shadow and reflection; the proposal introduce multiple constant multiplication to form results by Level set numerical solution to enhance to validity of nondestructive testing on thermography; Defects are usually presented in those areas whose surface temperature are different with their neighbors, by this, the potential defects can be identified. The segmented results are projected to the 3D model generated by registering different point clouds. The proposed system offers a 3D model with the detected defects such that different repair methods can be applied to those aged buildings such that the life cycles of buildings can be extended.

並列關鍵字

Point clouds matching ； Thermography ； Shadow ； Reflection ； Defect monitoring

參考文獻

[1]黃美甄，「地面控制點對無人飛行載具數值地形模型精度影響之評估」，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學土木與防災研究所，台北，2014。

[2]林秋芬，「無人飛行載具真實三維模型建模精度評估」，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學土木與防災研究所，台北，2015。

[3]胡芯瑀，「以UAV 輔助測繪三維實景整合BIM 模型之可行性研究」，碩士論文，朝陽科技大學營建工程系，台中，2016。

[4]Emiliano Cimoli, Marco Marcer, Baptiste Vandecrux, Carl E. Boggild, Guy Williams, and Sebastian B. Simonsen “Application of Low-Cost UASs and Digital Photogrammetry for High-Resolution Snow Depth Mapping in the Arctic” Remote Sens., Vol 9, Issue 11, pp.1-29, 2017.。

[5]蔡秉宏，「無人飛行載具大面積航測精度評估–以小金門（烈嶼）為例」，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學土木工程系土木與防災碩士班，碩士論文，台北，2015。