開發貫入試驗法快速檢測土壤工地密度試驗

Development of a penetration test technique for rapid evaluation of soil field density

康伊曛(Yi-Hsun Kang)

指導教授 ： 鄭家齊

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/營建工程系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

由於傳統砂錐法或橡皮膜法取樣及相關量測程序較為繁瑣，因此研究之目的在於開發貫入試驗法安全快速有效檢測土壤工地密度。新開發之裝置為縮小貫入頭尺寸，直徑為6mm且有尖頭與平頭可替換，以打擊一次所貫入之深度來評估土壤工地密度，如此可減少重覆打擊次數，加快檢測速度。
本研究所使用之三種試驗材料分別為湖山水庫湖南壩壩體1a心層料與殼層料以及白水溪河堤填築料，以三種不同含水量(OMC、OMC+2%及OMC-2%)進行試驗。在實驗室中取得貫入深度與夯實度率定關係曲線，再於壩堤現場驗證率定結果。研究結果顯示利用尖頭或平頭貫入深度可評估土壤工地密度及輾壓之均勻性，用兩種貫入頭貫入深度差關係，可評估現場之含水狀況(偏乾側或偏濕側)，本研究提供判斷工地壓實土層之品質之新的快速檢測法。

關鍵字

貫入試驗 ； 工地密度 ； 含水量

並列摘要

The measuring procedures of the traditional sand cone method or rubber balloon membrane sampling method are complicated and time consuming. Present research is focus on developing a penetration test technique for rapid evaluation of field soil density. A newly development device with reduced penetration head size, a diameter of 6mm, and replaceable pointed and flat heads was designed to assess field soil density with the penetrated depth of one impact. As a result, the experimental time is shorter than traditional methods.

Three kinds of test materials obtaining from the core and shell layers of Hushan Reservoir dam embankment and the embankment back-fill material of White-water River were used for this study. The specimens were tested with three different moisture contents-optimum moisture content (OMC), OMC +2% and OMC-2%. The calibrated relations between the penetrated depth and Relative Compaction of the soils were established in lab. The calibration results were then verified on the sites of dam embankment and river embankment. The results showed that the Relative Compaction and the uniformity of the soil can be the estimated by the penetrated depth of flat or pointed head with good accuracy. The difference between the penetrated depth of the pointed head and the flat head can evaluate the moisture condition of the soil, dry side or wet side of OMC. The research provide a new technique to determine whether the sites meet the quality of soil compaction specifications.

並列關鍵字

penetration test ； soil density ； moisture content

參考文獻

3.ASTM (2007), “Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, D-698-07e1, Vol. 04.08, West Conshohocken, PA.

5.ASTM (2007), “Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, D-1556-07, Vol. 04.08, West Conshohocken, PA.

6.ASTM (2008), “Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon Method,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, D-2167-08, Vol. 04.08, West Conshohocken, PA.

8.ASTM (2008), “Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, D-6938-08a, Vol. 04.08, West Conshohocken, PA.

10.Topp, G.C., Davis, J.L., and Annan, A.P. (1980), “Electromagnetic Determination of Soil Water Content: Measurements in Coaxial Transmission Lines,” Water Resource Reservation, Vol. 6, No. 3, p. 574-582.