天然植物纖維/環氧樹脂綠色複合材料之探討

A study of epoxy green composites reinforced by natural plant fibers

蔡季軒(Ji-Xuan Cai)

指導教授 ： 石燕鳳

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/應用化學系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

摘要
本研究基於降低農業廢棄物之污染，以及提高農業廢棄物之附加價值的目的，從鳳梨葉、回收竹筷、香蕉莖幹等含有植物纖維的農業廢棄物中，經由曝曬、乾燥、粉碎、過篩步驟，取得三種平均長度2.3~3.9 mm的短纖。並利用3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane(A1100)偶合劑對鳳梨纖維(Pineapple fiber，AF) 、香蕉纖維(Banana fiber，BF)、竹子纖維(Bamboo fiber，CF) 等原本親水性表面進行改質，利用矽烷類偶合劑改質植物纖維，改善植物纖維在環氧樹脂(Epoxy resin)中的界面黏著性，接著將20 wt%化學處理植物纖維與環氧樹脂混合，製備新型的植物纖維/環氧樹脂(Plant fibers/Epoxy resin)綠色複合材料。
同時利用微差掃描熱卡計(DSC)、傅立葉轉換紅外光譜儀(FT-IR)、熱重分析儀(TGA)、萬能材料試驗機(Instro Mechanical Tester) 、動態熱機械分析儀(DMA)、光學電子顯微鏡(OEM)、掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)等儀器來分析、鑑定天然植物纖維對環氧樹脂複材性質的影響。
FT-IR 檢測得知植物纖維經過偶合劑處理在1000~1100cm-1 有Si-O-Si 網狀結構吸收峰，可以證明偶合劑改變了纖維的表面結構。TGA 的結果顯示，植物纖維經過偶合劑處理過後，會比只經過鹼處理纖維的熱裂解溫度(Td)來的較高，實驗中添加偶合劑處理鳳梨纖維(CSF)的複合材可以提升26 %的5 %熱裂解溫度(Td5)。拉伸測試結果顯示，添加鹼處理纖維約可提升68 %~95 %之抗張強度，而添加偶合劑處理纖維更可得約80 %~117 %之抗張強度。DMA測試結果顯示，添加偶合劑處理植物纖維最高可以提升70 %儲存模數(E'' )及87 %損失模數(E'' )；經由OEM及SEM觀察發現，經過鹼處理後可以改善植物纖維在基材中的聚集現象，而經過矽烷偶合劑處理後則可以提升植物纖維在基材中的分散性及介面黏著性。
此外，利用植物纖維補強環氧樹脂比一般傳統人造纖維對環境較友善，而農業廢棄物的再利用可以降低對環境的汙染，且植物纖維價格低廉可以降低複合材料的成本。

關鍵字

環氧樹脂 ； 植物纖維 ； 偶合劑 ； 複合材料

並列摘要

ABSTRACT
In this study, the plant fibers and wasted fibers (pineapple leaf fiber, banana fiber and recycled disposable chopsticks fiber) with an average length from 2.3 to 3.9 mm were chemically modified by 3-minopropyltriethoxysilane (A1100). Subsequently, this modified fibers (20 wt%) and epoxy resin were mixed and cured to form novel fiber-reinforced green composites. The effects of addition of the plant fibers on the epoxy matrix, and the thermal and mechanical properties of plant fibers/epoxy resin green composites were investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Thermogravimetic Analysis (TGA), Instron mechanical tester, Dynamic Michanical Analysis (DMA), Optical Electron Microscope(OEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
FT-IR results showed that the absorption peak of Si-O-Si network structure was found at 1000 ~ 1100 cm-1 for coupling agent treated-fiber, indicating that the surface structure of the fiber was successfully modified by the treatment of coupling agent. TGA results showed that the decomposition temperatures of the chemically modified fiber-reinforced composites were obviously higher than those of untreated fiber-reinforced ones. The pineapple leaf fiber-reinforced composites exhibited better thermal properties than those of the other ones. Tensile test results showed that tensile strength was improved about 68% to 95% by adding alkali treatment plant fiber, and was improved about 80% to 117% while adding coupling agent treated plant fibers. The recycled disposable chopsticks fiber-reinforced composites possessed pronounced mechanical properties. DMA test results showed that the storage modulus (E'') and loss modulus (E'') were improved about 70 % and 87 % by adding coupling agent treated recycled disposable chopsticks fiber. The OEM and SEM results showed that the aggregation of fibers in the matrix can be reduced after alkali treatment process. Moreover, the coupling agent treatment process can enhance the interfacial adhesion and dispersion of plant fiber in the matrix.
Furthermore, this type of reinforced epoxy would be more environment-friendly than the artificial additive-reinforced one. It can also reduce effectively and re-use the waste, as well as lowering the costs of the materials.

並列關鍵字

epoxy ； coupling agent ； composite ； plant fiber

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