結合腦波測量與認知測驗之App開發與實測-應用於注意力缺損/過動與學習障礙孩童之研究

App Development and Evaluation of the Cognitive Tests with Brain Wave Measurements – Applications in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disability

古季庭(CHI-TING KU)

指導教授 ： 陳金鈴

朝陽科技大學/資訊學院/資訊工程系/碩士(2016年)

摘要

本研究主要開發一款結合腦波測量與認知測驗App(EEG-based Cognition Test App, ECT App)取代一般紙本智力測驗以提升認知評估的便利性，研究目的為驗證本研究研發之ECT App的同時效度，並探討ADHD(Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)和LD(Learning disabilities)兒童與一般健康孩童在ECT App與魏氏兒童智力量表第四版(Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition, WISC-IV)的智力分數表現和腦波情形的相關性，研究對象由11位ADHD和LD兒童(共8男3女，平均年齡8.55歲)組成實驗組、23位一般健康兒童(共11男12女，平均年齡9.3歲)組成對照組，年齡在6歲到12歲之間，每位兒童接受測量WISC-IV和ECT App，當測量ECT App時使用Neurosky腦立方移動版(MindWave Mobile)測量腦波。
本研究結果發現，ECT App與WISC-IV有中至高度的相關性。在WISC-IV之兩組的測驗分數差異結果，知覺推理、工作記憶、處理速度和全智商量表有顯著差異，且實驗組分數皆低於對照組。在ECT App之兩組間的腦波差異結果，實驗組在休息時腦波比對照組高，且Delta和Theta波有顯著差異；在測驗時，語文能力的Delta、Beta和Gamma波有顯著差異；圖形能力的Beta波有顯著差異；工作記憶的Theta、Beta波有顯著差異，且實驗組的腦波都比對照組高。在ECT App之兩組的前後測腦波差異結果，實驗組在處理速度的Gamma波有顯著差異，其腦波是後測低於前測；對照組在語文能力、圖形能力、工作記憶、處理速度的Delta、Theta和Alpha波有顯著差異，其腦波皆是後測高於前測。在ECT App之中年級對照組腦波對分數表現相關性結果，在圖形能力、工作記憶和處理速度之分測驗的Delta波有顯著負相關，在工作記憶之分測驗的Theta波有顯著負相關和Beta波有顯著正相關。在中年級對照組之高分組與低分組的腦波差異結果，在圖形能力之分測驗的Delta波有顯著差異，其腦波是高分組低於低分組；在工作記憶之分測驗的Beta波有顯著差異，在處理速度之分測驗的Gamma波有顯著差異，上述腦波除了Delta波外，皆是高分組高於低分組。
綜合以上結果，表示ECT App同時效度佳，可應用於認知評估。在認知表現比較方面，證明ADHD和LD兒童在知覺推理、工作記憶、處理速度和全量表智商比一般健康兒童低。在腦波比較方面，ADHD和LD兒童在休息和測驗時Delta、Theta波偏高，因此其分心情況會持續到測驗當中。在認知測驗前後腦波變化中，發現ADHD和LD兒童的腦波變化不大，而一般健康兒童的Delta、Theta和Alpha波增加，表示在學習活動中，一般健康兒童大腦較活躍，而ADHD和LD兒童反而較少。在中年級一般健康兒童的工作記憶表現，Delta、Theta波呈負相關、Beta波呈正相關，表示工作記憶表現越好，其Beta波增加、專注力提升，Delta、Theta波降低、減少分心現象，在一些認知測驗中認知表現較差兒童的Delta波較高，Beta、Gamma波較低，表示其做認知活動時較容易有分心現象。
本研究開發之ECT App不只用來評估認知能力，也深入探討認知表現與腦波具有統計顯著相關性，因此，未來若能擴大測試不同類型之認知障礙族群，持續驗證及增進其信效度，相信以ECT App的立即性與便利性的特性，應可普及於兒童認知能力測試，並提供兒童醫學臨床應用參考。

關鍵字

腦波 ； 認知測驗 ； 魏氏兒童智力量表 ； 應用程式

並列摘要

This study develops an EEG-based Cognition Test App (ECT App) replace the general intelligence tests on paper to enhance the convenience of cognitive assessment. Objective of this study is to verify concurrent validity of ECT App, also explore the correlation ADHD, LD children and general healthy children's intelligence performance and brain wave state on ECT App and WISC-IV. The subjects were by the 11 ADHD and LD children consisting of experimental group (8 boys and 3 girls, mean age 8.55 years old), 23 general healthy children consisting of control group (11 boys and 12 girls, mean age 9.3 years old). Age range is between 6 to 12 years old. Each child to accept the measurement WISC-IV and ETC App. They use Neurosky MindWave Mobile measuring brain waves when the test ECT App.
The study found that, ECT App and WISC-IV has a medium to high degree of correlation. The difference results in test scores between the two groups of the WISC-IV, in perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed and full scale IQ have significant differences. The score of experimental group are lower than control group. The difference results in brain waves between the two groups of the ECT App, when they’re rest state, the brain waves of experimental group higher than control group, Delta and Theta waves have significant differences. When the test, the language ability of Delta, Beta and Gamma wave has significant differences, the graphics ability of Beta wave have significant differences, the working memory of Theta and Beta wave have significant differences. There are the brain waves of experimental group higher than control group. The difference results in brain waves between the two groups of pre-test and post-test of the ECT App, there are significant differences on the experimental group of Gamma wave in processing speed. Their brain waves of post-test are lower than the pre-test. On the control group, language ability, graphics ability, working memory, processing speed of Delta, Theta and Alpha waves has significant differences. Their brain waves of post-test are higher than pre-test. The correlation results between brain waves and score performance of the ECT App in intermediate grade, in the graphics ability, working memory and processing speed of the subtests of Delta wave have significant negative correlation. In the working memory subtests, Theta wave have significant negative correlation and Beta wave have significant positive correlation. The difference result of Brain waves of between high-score group and low-score group of the ECT App in intermediate grade, subtest of Delta waves have significant differences in graphics ability. Their brain waves of high-score group are lower than low-score group. In the working memory, the subtest of Beta wave have significant differences. In the processing speed, the subtest of Gamma wave have significant differences. In addition to Delta wave, there are high-score group are higher than low-score group.
Based on the above results, showing ECT App have good concurrent validity. It can be used in cognitive assessment. In cognitive performance comparisons, proof perception reasoning, working memory, processing speed, and full-scale IQ of ADHD and LD children lower than healthy children. In brainwave comparisons, ADHD and LD children of Delta and Theta waves was higher during rest and test. So distracted situation will continue to test. Before and after the cognitive tests of Brainwave’s change, found a little change in ADHD and LD children. The general health of children Delta, Theta and Alpha waves was increased. Expressed in learning activities, the general health of children's brains are more active, but the LD and ADHD children are less. Working memory performance of the general health of children in intermediate grades, Delta and Theta waves were negatively correlated, and Beta wave was positively correlated. Indicates the better performance of working memory, its Beta wave will increases, attention is enhance, Delta and Theta waves will reduced, distracted is decrease. In some cognitive test, poorer cognitive performance of children of Delta wave is higher, Beta and Gamma waves are lower. Represent doing cognitive activities more likely to have distracted condition.
In this study, ECT App developed is not only to assess the cognitive abilities, also discuss in depth cognitive performance and brain waves statistically significant correlation. Therefore, if expansion test of cognitive disorders of different types of groups in future, continued to verify and improve its reliability and validity. We believe by immediately and convenience features of ECT App, it should be universal in children's cognitive ability tests, and provide children's medical clinical application reference.

並列關鍵字

EEG ； Cognitive tests ； WISC-IV ； App

參考文獻

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