改質聚磷酸銨/竹筷纖維/聚乳酸阻燃複合材料之研究

A Study of Modified Ammonium Polyphosphates/ Bamboo Fiber/ Poly(lactic acid) Flame Retarded Composites

章文銓(WEN-CHUAN CHANG)

指導教授 ： 石燕鳳

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/應用化學系/碩士(2016年)

摘要

本研究目的在比較及探討回收竹筷纖維及未改質聚磷酸銨(APP)、改質聚磷酸銨(EAPP)在不同添加量下對於聚乳酸(PLA)機械性質與阻燃性質的影響。改質聚磷酸銨是採用矽烷偶合劑 (3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane)對APP進行表面處理，改質目的是使補強材料能與聚乳酸有較好的相容性。再將聚磷酸銨、改質聚磷酸銨、植物纖維、聚乳酸進行熔融混摻，製備出一系列的綠色複合材料。實驗結果顯示，EAPP經由XPS元素分析顯示比APP增加C和Si元素的含量。複合材料中以EAPP添加20 wt%時其熱性質提升效果最為顯著；機械性質方面，添加改質纖維至複合材料中都有效提升其儲能模數與損失模數，表示纖維添加可以補強聚乳酸的剛性及韌性。從UL-94分析觀察到添加入EAPP的複合材料達阻燃最高等級V-0。從SEM分析斷裂面可以觀察EAPP與PLA的有良好的相容性且無纖維拔出現象。XRD結晶分析結果表示，添加入EAPP後，能使結晶型態保持在三維球晶，有效補強材料的耐衝擊性質。由以上結果總結，EAPP可以提升材料耐熱性，阻燃性，也可利用竹筷纖維來增強材料的機械性質，由於竹筷纖維是廢棄物回收再應用，因此做為補強材料，不僅可以降低工業上成本，更能達到廢棄回後再利用的價值。

關鍵字

聚乳酸 ； 聚磷酸銨

並列摘要

The aim of this study is to compare the effects on mechanical and retardant properties of ploylactic acid (PLA) with different amount of recyclable chopstick fibers, unmodified ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and modified ammonium polyphosphate (EAPP). Modified ammonium polyphosphate was obtained by surface treatment of APP with a silane coupling agent, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, in order to achieve the better compatibility between reinforcing material and PLA. A series of green composites were prepared by melt-blending with addition of APP, EAPP, chopstick fibers and PLA. The results of XPS analysis revealed that the amounts of C and Si of EAPP were higher than those of APP. Moreover, the thermal properties of PLA were enhanced significantly when 20 wt% of EAPP was added. Furthermore, the storage and loss moduli of the composites can be enhanced effectively by adding the modified fibers. This means that the addition of the fibers can reinforce the rigidity and toughness of PLA. According to the UL-94 analysis, the composites with EAPP can reach the highest retardant level V-0. Moreover, SEM analysis revealed that EAPP and PLA have a better compatibility, and fiber pull out phenomenon was not found. XRD crystallography revealed that adding the EAPP maintained the crystallization patterns of the PLA in the three-dimensional spherulite, which can reinforce the impact resistance properties effectively. These results indicated that EAPP can enhance the thermal resistance and flame retardant properties, and the chopstick fibers can reinforce the mechanical properties of PLA. Due to the chopstick fiber was recycled from litter, therefore as a reinforcing materials, it can lower the industrial costs and achieve the value of waste recycling.

並列關鍵字

Poly(lactic acid) ； Ammonium Polyphosphates

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