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  • 學位論文

應用改良型基因演算法於加裝加勁消能器之結構系統識別

Hybrid Genetic Algorithm to Parameter Identification of Structural Systems with Added-Damping-and-Stiffness Devices

指導教授 : 王淑娟
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摘要


結構物會因於使用期間內遭受地震力、風力等作用,使得材料強度因降伏或疲乏而折減時,導致結構參數設計值與原先設計值有差異,其動力特性亦將因結構受損而改變,所以結構物是否仍然具有當初設計之強度便不得而知。此時若能藉由系統識別的方法來識別結構特性的變化,即可 作為對結構物進行修復或補強的參考,並確保人民生命財產之安全。 在過去的研究中,洪忠儀【1】採用結合基因演算法與局部搜尋法之混合運算策略,以彌補基因演算法中缺乏局部搜尋的能力,加強基因演算法的搜尋能力,並減少基因演算法在微調上的計算時間使之能更快的找到最佳解,該法稱為改良型基因演算法。本文之主要目的是利用三種方法對加裝圓棒型消能器之三層樓鋼構架進行系統識別,並且探討結構受震時的動力特性。識別的第一種方法為遞迴式改良型基因演算法、第二種方法為移動視窗(Moving-window)改良型基因演算法、第三種方法為結合Wen’s模式之改良型基因演算法。其中第一及第二種方法皆是利用分段方式進行識別,將每分段皆視為一等值線性段,所以可以應用於非線性系統,兩種方法不同的地方在於分段識別方式會有所差異。由於遞迴式改良型基因演算法無法有效識別加裝阻尼器之結構系統的非線性特性,因此將參考蔡孟奇【2】論文中之Wen’s模式將原本的改良型基因演算法進行修改提出新的方式為加入Wen’s模式模式之改良型基因演算法,較原本的運動方程式多加識別了 、 、 、回復力之起始遲滯位移等遲滯迴圈相關參數與起始位移及起始速度,使該方法能夠應用於有加裝加勁阻尼結構物的系統識別上,並將其應用於數值模擬系統之動力特性識別,驗証其可行性;為了更加確定應用於真實建築物之可行性,亦對於含有雜訊的數值模擬地震紀錄及反應進行識別以探討結合Wen’s模式之改良型基因演算法之識別效果。 最後利用以上三種方式進行識別,識別的紀錄均為國家地震工程中心的三層樓鋼構架在振動台上以4種不同的地震歷時紀錄進行振動試驗的試驗結果,其參數的搜索均是經由改良型基因演算法來搜索。最後利用識別結果,比較遞迴式改良型基因演算法與移動視窗改良型基因演算法之參數變化狀況,比較後發現移動視窗改良型基因演算法所識別之參數變化程度並沒有較遞迴式改良型基因演算法平滑,並且由其識別結果可知當最大地表加速度越大時其頻率會有下降的趨勢,而阻尼比會有上升的趨勢,最後分析利用結合Wen’s模式之改良型基因演算法所識別之結果,由結果可知加裝D20H100消能器之結構體在最大地表加速度為500gal時消能器有稍微損壞,加裝D20H80消能器之結構體在最大地表加速度為550gal時消能器也一樣有稍微損壞的情況。

並列摘要


Structures may be subjected to seismic forces, wind loads and other effects over its lifetime use. Therefore, the structural parameters may be deviated from the design values due to the yielding or the fatigue of the material strength. In this regard, the dynamic characteristics may also be changed due to the damage of the structure. In order to realize the dynamic behavior of structural systems, we can determine the dynamic models and parameters by system identification techniques. System identification techniques made possible to monitor the current state or damage state of the structures Three methods were proposed to the parameter identification in this study. The first two methods are recursive hybrid GA and moving window hybrid GA, respectively. In the development of these two algorithms, the time histories of the measurements were divided into a series of time intervals, and then the model of equivalent linear systems were employed to identify the modal parameters of the systems for each time interval. These two methods have different ways in dividing the time histories of the measurements. For the second one, the time history of the sequential intervals are overlapped. The third method is the hybrid GA combining Wen’s model as the restoring force model for each stoty shear. The process of exploring this algorithm is demonstrated by the simulated SDOF system and MDOF system considering the effect of noise contamination. Finally, these three methods are applied to the three-story structural models with two-types of added-damping-and-stiffness devices mounted on the shaking table. The ground motion records used for these models are time histories of different earthquake adjusted to different intensities. The results showed that the frequencies will vary with the intensity of the ground motion and will reflect the nonlinear behavior of the systems. The comparison of the results of the first two methods showed the change of the parameters for each interval are not smoother when compared to the results of the first method. The results of the third method showed that the D20H100 model of added-damping-and-stiffness devices experienced slight damage when subjected to excitation of El Centro earthquake with PGA values equal to 500gal, while the D20H80 model experienced slight damage when the PGA value reached to 550gal.

參考文獻


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