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  • 學位論文

亞洲新興市場銀行業競爭程度、經營績效決定因素與績效衡量之實證研究

An Empirical Study of the Competition, Determinants of Performance and Measurement of Banking Performance from Asian Emerging Marke

指導教授 : 劉定焜
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摘要


隨著國際化、全球化的趨勢,接踵而來的市場開放,面對外資競爭、購併與經營業務創新及多元化,造成金融產業發生劇烈的變化而呈現出不同的面貌 (Jiang et al., 2004)。加上亞洲金融危機以及美國金融風暴的教訓,各國紛紛提出一連串的金融改革,以提高競爭力、增加經營效率與績效,藉此穩定金融產業以進一步應付競爭激烈的環境。因此,深入探討金融產業經營績效之決定與影響因素具有其價值與必要性。 近年來新興市場嶄露頭角,在全球地位日趨重要,三大新興市場:拉丁美洲、東歐與亞洲,其中以亞洲新興市場最被看好,也倍受討論。過去常見的銀行績效文獻多以單一國家為研究主題,跨國的研究則是以拉丁美洲、歐洲與經濟轉型國家為主,針對亞洲新興市場國家探討的文獻並不多見。因此,本研究針對亞洲七個新興市場國家,台灣、印度、印尼、南韓、馬來西亞、菲律賓與巴基斯坦為研究對象,建構1991-2005年,此七國共386家商業銀行的企業別之不平衡型追蹤資料 (firm-level unbalanced panel data)。此外,除財務變數外,本研究納入非財務變數,如:市場佔有率、外國銀行參與及Panzar-Rosse (1987) 的P-R模型,另外亦加入總體環境變數之考量。除樣本與data差異外,與過去文獻最大的差別在於本研究運用P-R模型建構競爭性指標H值並納入實證模型。本研究首先選擇最適panel data的固定效果與隨機效果模型,探討影響銀行經營績效的決定因素,進一步將影響經營績效之決定因素採用因素分析法 (factor analysis),透過計算權重分數,比較各國間不同經營環境下的績效。相較於過去的研究,本研究具備更完整的研究期間與更詳盡的樣本資料。實證結果發現,各國平均競爭程度前三名為馬來西亞 (0.6)、巴基斯坦 (0.52) 與南韓 (0.32);ROA模式下影響經營績效之財務變數為營業費用率、營業利益率、純益率及淨利息收入與盈餘資產比,總體經濟變數方面則是通貨膨脹率;ROE模式下影響經營績效之關鍵變數為自有資金比、營業利益率、純益率、負債比率及存款與權益比,總體經濟變數方面為實質工業成長率。綜合這些變數不難發現,要增加獲利,就必須提升營業收入、降低成本與費用及注意放款品質減少呆帳,且適度使用舉債,調配自有資金及負債的比例。在績效衡量方面,印尼績效最佳,台灣最差。

並列摘要


Due to the internationalization, opening up financial markets, participation of foreign banks, and acquisition and innovation bring about changing in financial industry. In addition, by getting some lessons from Asian and American financial crisis, many countries had reformed to stabilize financial industry. Therefore, the investigation of the determinants of performance and measurement of banking performance would be worthy by further researching. In recent years, emerging market becomes more and more important in the world, however only Asian emerging markets are paid most attention. Therefore, this paper constructs 1991-2005 financial industry firm-level panel data of 7 Asian emerging market countries with 385 commercial banks. Besides the financial variables, this paper takes into account the non-financial and macroeconomic environment variables. Apart from the differences in samples, the most difference from previous literatures is that this paper adopts P-R model with the consideration of the best indicators of competition, namely the H value to measure the banking Industry and competitive conditions. We select the optimal panel data empirical model for detecting the determinants of banking performance. Finally, this paper applies the factor analysis to evaluate the performance of each country. Empirical results show that the average competitiveness of the top three countries is as follows: Malaysia (0.6), Pakistan (0.52) and South Korea (0.32). The key variables of the determinants of banking performance including: the ratio of operating expenses, the ratio of owns reserves, the ratio operating profit, and the ratio of post tax profit. The real output growth index is more significance among all macroeconomic environment variables. According to the results of factor analysis, that the best performing country is Indonesia and the worst performing country is Taiwan.

參考文獻


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