使用平均化擾動觀察演算法進行太陽能系統之最大功率追蹤

Maximum Power Point Tracking of Solar System by Averaged P&O Algorithm

陳慶桐(Ching-Tung Chen)

指導教授 ： 張原豪

朝陽科技大學/資訊學院/資訊工程系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本篇使用平均化之擾動觀察法來追蹤太陽能之最大功率點，平均化演算法主要的優點在於將回授的電壓、電流訊號平均化後，再送至微控制器進行最大功率追蹤，如此一來可降低追蹤時間及減少最大功率點的擺動幅度，更可降低自然界高頻雜訊對控制器的影響；一般擾動觀察法直接將電壓與電流訊號回授至控制器，易造成最大功率點擺動過大、延長追蹤時間與高頻雜訊影響，造成最大功率點追蹤演算法的失敗。平均化演算法將常用的擾動觀察法加以改善，降低高頻雜訊的影響，找出太陽能最大功率點之正確走向，並且減少不必要的擾動次數以加快追蹤速度與減少功率損失，增加演算法之可靠性，並使用單級Boost升壓型直流轉換架構，來提高整體效率。
此太陽能架構主要有太陽能板、升壓型直流對直流轉換器與最大功率追蹤控制器所組成，並且使用OrCAD Pspice進行模擬，主要集中在變動太陽能輸出電流變化以及變動負載之模擬，模擬結果顯示此演算法是有效率的，且負載範圍寬廣，負載選擇性較好。並且以單晶片實現此演算法，實驗結果顯示此演算法是可行的。

關鍵字

最大功率追蹤 ； 擾動觀察法 ； Boost ； 太陽能

並列摘要

The averaged perturb-and-observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is presented in this paper, and its main advantage is to adopt the moving average calculate of voltage and output power of solar cell. Its can reduce tracking time, swing range on maximum power point and high frequency noise. In general P&O algorithm is direct feed-back signal to controller. It is easy make the controller work not correct and algorithm fault. The averaged P&O algorithm is improved from P&O algorithm, and its main advantage is to average voltage and output power. The solar module voltage and current signal is averaged by proposed algorithm to achieved MPPT. The averaged P&O algorithm can avoided the high frequency noise, and made the system more reliability. The solar system is contains solar penal, boost dc/dc converter and MPPT controller, and simulated by using OrCAD Pspice. We simulated focus on variation current source and load of single solar module, and the simulated results are shown the efficiency of the system. The MPPT system not only reduces the swing range and tracking time but also decrease noise influenced of nature. The MPPT system can use to single, series and parallel solar modules.

並列關鍵字

solar ； maximum power point tracking (MPPT) ； perturb-and-observe (P&O) ； boost dc/dc converter

參考文獻

[1] N. Ozog, W. Xiao, and W. G. Dunford, “Topology study of photovoltaic interface for maximum power point tracking,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1696–1704, Jun. 2007.

[2] H. L. Hey, J. D. P. Pacheco, J. Imhoff, and R. Gules, “A maximum power point tracking system with parallel connection for PV stand-alone applications,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 2674–2683, Jul. 2008.

[3] B. Liu, F. Liu, F. Liu, S. Duan, and Y. Kang, “A variable step size INC MPPT method for PV systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 2622–2628, Jul. 2008.

[4] A. pandey, A. K. Mukerjee, and N. Dasgupta, “High-performance algorithms for drift avoidance and fast tracking in solar MPPT system,” IEEE Trans. Ene. Conver., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 681–689, Jun. 2008.

[5] H. Patel, and V. Agarwal, “Maximum power point tracking scheme for PV systems operating under partially shaded conditions,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 1689–1698, Apr. 2007