觀察台灣的貿易結構發展,台灣與中國的貿易從1979年尚不及8000萬美元,但至2006年已超過881億美元,成長倍數為1101倍,90年代以後的中國已成為台灣最重要的貿易夥伴之一。另一方面,早期台灣的產業發展,無論在生產技術或資本財的提供都必須仰賴來自日本的進口,日製產品不斷輸入之故,也形成台灣對日本的貿易往來始終維持著鉅額貿易逆差。本論文利用日本經濟產業省整合十三大項產業分類的進出口數據,透過「貿易結合度指數」分析台灣對中國與台灣對日本近二十年來的貿易結構變化。並且進一步從十三項產業中,分別檢視「原物料」、「中間財」、「最終資本財」及「最終消費財」所呈現的輸出入形態轉變。利用「產業內貿易指數」與「貿易專業化指數」二個衡量貿易結構的方法,加以研究在不同產業結構中台灣與貿易對手國彼此間的分工與競合關係。
From the structural development of Taiwan trade, it was understood that the trade amount between Taiwan and China in 1979 was less than 80 million U.S. dollars. However, in 2006 the trade amount was over 88.1 billion U.S. dollars. The growth was 1101 times. After 1990 China became one of the most important trade partners of Taiwan. On the other hand, at the early stage the development of Taiwan industry relied on importing production technology and capital goods from Japan. As Japanese goods were ceaselessly imported, the trade of Taiwan to Japan had been a huge trade deficit. Based on the import and export data of 13 major industries collected by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan and through Trade Intensity Index, an analysis in this thesis was made on the change of trade structure between Taiwan and China, and between Taiwan and Japan in recent twenty years. For these 13 industries, a further survey was made on “materials and supplies”, “intermediate goods”, “final capital goods” and “final consuming goods” so as to understand the change on the forms of export and import. Besides, Index of intra-industry Trade and Trade Specialization Index, two methods for measuring the trade structure, were employed so as to study the relationship between Taiwan and its trade partners on labor division, competition and cooperation in a variety of industry structures.