營建業挖掘機操作人員所受全身性振動之調查

Survey of Whole-body Vibration Exposure at Work of Excavator Operators

何坤鑫(Kung-Hsing He)

指導教授 ： 鄭道明 ； 吳獻堂

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/營建工程系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

國內土木營建業之施工，多數須借重大型的工業機具以協助作業，然而多數的操作員於施工的過程中，由於不良的操作姿勢或施工環境，而造成生理傷害。本研究在探討我國挖土機操作員於現地施工時，暴露於振動環境之危害程度是否有超過國際規範標準，並探討我國現行法規之適用情形。
本研究採用實驗的方式進行振動暴露量之量測，並利用量測之暴露量依據目前國內所採用之ISO 2631-1(1985)，以及國際間普遍使用之ISO 2631-1(1997)以及ISO 2631-5(2004)，進行推估每日允許持續作業時間。依調查分析結果，道路工程挖掘作業以及河川工程挖掘作業、道路工程搬移作業以及河川工程搬移作業，依據ISO 2631-1(1985)以及ISO 2631-1(1997)其允許作業時間，皆超出每日作業時間八小時；然而依據ISO 2631-5(2004)其允許作業時間，則低於每日作業時間八小時。
問卷調查結果顯示，四項受測工程種類之挖掘機操作員，皆有自認為因施工過程中長時間暴露於振動環境中，而導致下腰背部不適或是椎間盤突出等情形。目前國內所使用規範為ISO 2631-1(1985)，依其實測振動值與問卷調查結果交叉比對，可得知該規範已不完全適用於國內之作業環境，建議應加入國際標準組織所新增之ISO 2631-1(1997)與ISO 2631-5(2004)，以確保操作人員之安全。

關鍵字

挖掘機 ； 振動暴露 ； 全身性振動

並列摘要

The executions by the civil engineering industry in Taiwan mostly require large and heavy industrial tools and machines. However, the majority of operators experienced physical injuries due to improper operating postures or poor execution environment during executions. This research aims at discussing if the excavator operators’ exposure to vibrations under an on-site construction environment jeopardized their health to an extent exceeding the international standards. Furthermore, this paper also explores the applications of the existing laws and regulations in Taiwan.
This study conducted measurements of vibration exposure via experiments. The vibration exposure measured was used to calculate acceptable daily operation hours on a basis of ISO 2631-1(1985) currently adopted in Taiwan as well as ISO 2631-1 (1997) and ISO 2631-5 (2004) commonly adopted by the interanational society. According to the analytical results obtained from a related survey and the calculations on a basis of ISO 2631-1(1985) and ISO 2631-1(1997), the acceptable operation time for both the exvacation and transportation for road and river works exceeded 8 hours daily. However, the daily operation time was shorter than 8 hours if the above mentioned works were calculated on a basis of ISO2631-5 (2004).
The results obtained from the questionnaire survey indicated that the excavator operators executing four types of works under evaluation in this paper expressed that they suffered from low back pain and Herniated Intervertebral Disc due to their long-term exposure to a vibration environment during executions. The criteria adopted in Taiwan at the moment are ISO 2631-1 (1985). Based on the cross comparisons between the results obtained from practical vibration measurements and questionnaire survey, it is found that such criteria no long fitted the operational environment in Taiwan. It is suggested that ISO 2631-1 (1997) and ISO 2631-5 (2004) should be incorporated so as to ensure the safety of the operators.

並列關鍵字

excavator ； vibration exposure ； whole-body vibration

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