現址式水質連續自動監測系統應用於電鍍業排放水管理之研究

Site-type continuous automatic water quality monitoring systems used in electroplating industry emissions of water management research

黃俊雄(Chun-hsiung Huang)

指導教授 ： 章日行

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

透過水質連續自動監測系統之運作，能有效監控該灌溉區內水體水質變化，並具以研判是否有異常水質排入，以協助環保主管機關能即時掌握及追查確認可能污染來源，進而加以取締告發處分。pH值異常預警可立即反應是否水質異常，然本研究則冀望在導電度值之監控亦能發揮如pH值預警之效果。
經收集水質連續自動監測數據、電鍍業製程原廢水水質及自動測站所在位置之水體水質等之導電度值與四項重金屬（銅、鋅、鉻、鎳）水質，進行統計分析結果發現：此7處自動測站之導電度值均呈現非對稱分佈，除牛稠子測站屬左偏態外，其餘各測站均屬右偏態；以時間序列分析而言，導電度值的改變約略以8或10小時作為一次週期循環；水中導電度與四項重金屬（銅、鋅、鉻及鎳）之線性迴歸分析之R squared值並不高，然與Total重金屬濃度則有較高之線性；由相關係數分析結果，導電度值與銅及鎳的含量呈正比，而pH值與此四項重金屬則呈反向關係，惟於統計上不顯著；各電鍍業者使用銅時，亦會使用鋅與鎳，且統計顯著。另本研究亦發現各自動測站之測值變化很大，除本身水體既有特性、外水排入干擾等因素外，保養校正頻率對測值應更具影響性；而目前儀器代理商普遍以每月一次保養校正之固定模式，應有頻率過低之結果，故本研究建議應就儀器本身適用範圍、測站現地環境與水質狀況等，評估訂定較適切之保養校正頻率，以確保監測數據之準確度，並利保障使用者之權益。
最後，本研究並未進行各測站現地水體水質同時間序列之實測，且相關實測數據亦多屬特定目的所測得之結果，故於本研究尚無法就水中重金屬與導電度值之關係進行探討，有待後續更精確之研究；另連續監測數據搭配時間序列分析，應可協助掌握導電度測項水質變化之特定時段，如後續水中重金屬與導電度值之關係探討有所突破時，則兩者相互應用，應對現址式水質連續自動監測系統應用於電鍍業排放水之管理工作，更具實質助益。

關鍵字

導電度值 ； 水質連續自動監測系統 ； 現址式

並列摘要

Via the operation of the water quality continuous automatic monitoring system, we can effectively monitor the water body’s water quality variation in the irrigation area, and justify if there is abnormal water quality’s flowing. In order to assist the competent authorities of environmental protection to grasp the illeagal discharge instantaneously, to investigate and make sure the possible source of pollution, to enforce a ban, to lodge an accusation, and to take disciplinary action are important processes. The early warning of pH value abnormality can report immediately whether the water quality is abnormal; however, the monitoring of conductivity value can bring into the warning system and display an important role for the early warning.
After collecting the continuous automatic monitoring data of water quality, of the conductivity value and of four heavy metals concentrations (copper, zinc, chromium, and nickel) from electroplating industry’s manufacturing process, and of water body water quality at where the automatic monitoring stations, the research was conducted statistical analysis and found that the conductivity value of seven automatic monitoring stations was of unsymmetrical distribution. Each monitoring station belonged to right skewness except Niouchouzih station (being left skewness); to do time-series analysis, the variation of conductivity value roughly takes eight hours or ten hours as a cycle mostly; the R squared value of linear regression analysis between the conductivity and four heavy metals respectively (copper, zinc, chromium, and nickel) was not very high. From the result of correlation coefficient analysis, the conductivity had higher linearity with total heavy metal concentration. In addition, the research discovered that the conductivity value is directly proportional to the content of copper and nickel, and pH value has an opposite relationship with these four heavy metals, but it was not significant on statistics. Besides, the business owners of electroplating industry would use zinc and nickel while using copper, and it was significant on statistics. Moreover, the research found that the monitoring value variation of each automatic monitoring station was very high; in addition to the factors of the existing features of the water body and the disturbance of external water’s flowing in, the maintenance and rectification frequency should be more influential to the monitoring value. Presently, the instrument agents generally adopt the fixed mode of maintenance and rectification once a month, yet the frequency is too low. Therefore, the research suggest that people should evaluate to fix a more appropriate maintenance and rectification frequency depending on the instrument’s applicable scope, the monitoring station’s present-site environment and water quality condition to ensure the monitoring data’s accuracy and protect the user’s rights and interests.
Finally, the research did not conduct the practical measurement of each monitoring station’s present-site water body in same time series. Most of the relevant practical measurement data belong to the measurement result of a specific objective; hence, for the time being, the research could not do the exploration aiming at the relationship between the heavy metal in water and the conductivity value. The more precise follow-up research is awaited; furthermore, the cooperation between the continuous monitoring data and time-series analysis should be able to assist to grasp the specific time period of the measurement item’s water quality variation. If there is a breakthrough in follow-up exploration of relationship between the heavy metal and the conductivity value, the application of these two monitoring items should have more essential benefits to the in-situ monitoring system’s application to the water management of electroplating industry.

並列關鍵字

conductivity value ； in-situ ； water quality continuous automatic monitoring sy

參考文獻

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