- 學位論文
微生物製劑與化學藥劑混合複方對防治小菜蛾之開發與應用
The development and application of microbial agent and chemical mixtures against diamonback moth (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus )
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摘要
小菜蛾為本省十字花科蔬菜之重要害蟲，其對本省早期的殺蟲劑已產生高抗藥性，造成小菜蛾防治不易，為降低殺蟲劑使用對環境衝擊及對人體影響，發展優質防治藥劑以降低小菜蛾抗藥性是重要課題。 本研究首先探討各種供試藥劑對小菜蛾之藥效及抗藥性，並選用不同化學藥劑混合複方或化學與微生物藥劑混合複方對小菜蛾做生物檢定，以檢視其藥效及抗藥性。藥效之檢定方法以劑量－反應之生物檢定分析法進行檢驗，其結果以對數－機率統計分析其LC50及LC90，以LC50及LC90為基礎之相對抗性比(Resistance Ratio)進行抗藥性分析比較。而下列混合藥劑之共同毒效係數分析法(Co-toxicity coefficent)主要進行下列四類混合複方：(1)雙變動比例之化學製劑混合複方；(2)單變動比例之化學製劑混合複方；(3)雙變動比例之微生物製劑與化學藥劑複方；(4)單變動比例之微生物製劑與化學藥劑複方，每個劑型中分別進行生物檢定測試後，可得到LC50及LC90之數據，並進行數據分析計算出毒效指數(toxicity index)，再進行其共同毒效係數(Co-toxicity coefficient)之分析。 結果顯示：本省小菜蛾對傳統之化學藥劑之抗藥性以阿巴汀(Abametin)抗藥性比值高達5000倍，新型藥劑克凡派(Chlorfenapyr)則無抗藥性。混合藥劑之複方中，化學藥劑間之混合對小菜蛾之共同毒效倍數分析，以雙變動比例混合之賽滅寧+因得克(Cypermethrin+Indoxacarb)最具協力效果，達8倍以上。單變動比例混合，以芬化利+賜諾殺(Fenvalerate+Spinosad)之效果最佳，協力作用為2倍，且其LC50及LC90均在10ppm以下，微生物藥劑與化學藥劑混合複方之雙變動比例混合，以蘇力菌(Bta)+ 賜諾殺(Spinosad)之協力作用高達8倍最佳，而單變動比例混合，阿巴汀(Abametin)+蘇力菌(Bta)之協力效果可達2倍，其LC50及LC90均在5ppm以下。 研究顯示微生物製劑與化學藥劑之適當比例混合，具有開發防治小菜蛾之潛力，主要因藥劑對小菜蛾之作用機制不同，田間產生抗藥性之機率相對減緩。
並列摘要
The diamondback moth(DBM), plutella xylostella (L.) is one of key insect pest of crucifers in Taiwan. DBM has became one of most difficult control insects because of depdloping resistance to chemical insecticides used extensively against it in the past 50 yr in Taiwan. In order to decrease the insecticides pollution to environment and to reduce the side effect for human health, how to develop the reasonable and efficacy control agents to against diamondback moth became the urgent issue now. The objectives of this study were to investigate the susceptibility of DBM to different chemical insecticides and new registered insecticide in Taiwan and to monitor potential resistance evolution after field introduction. The other objective were to develop the chemical insecticide mixtures and microbial–chemical insecticide mixtures to search the best and most potent uses of toxicants to control DBM. To analyze the joint toxicity of two kinds of mixture, co-toxicity coefficient analysis method were used. The tested mixture divided into four group. (1) Changes in the proportion of dual-mixed compound of insecticides. (2) Changes in proportion of single insecticide in the insecticide mixtures. (3) Changes in the proportion of dual-mixed compound of insecticides and microbial agent. (4) Changes in proportion of single insecticide in the insecticide and microbial agent mixtures. The LC50 and LC90 Value were calculated from each bioassay test. Based on LC50 and LC90 , the toxicity index and co-toxicity coefficient of each mixture was analyzed . The results showed that the Kaoshung field population of DBM possessed 5000 fold tolerance to conventional insecticide, Abamectin , otherwise, the new registered insecticides, Chlorfenapyr have no resistance to DBM. Mixtures of insecticide, (in change in the proportion of dual-mixed groups), Cypermethrin + Indoxacarb showed 8 fold increase in toxicity of insecticide over sole treatment. Mixtures of insecticide in change in the proportion of single-mixed groups, Fenvalate + Spinosad showed 2 fold increase in toxicity over sole treatment. It’s LC50 and LC90 value were within 10 ppm. Mixture of insecticides and Bacillus thuringiensis aizawa (Bta) in changes of the proportion of dual-mixed groups, Bta + Spinosad exhibited 8 times more toxic than each sloe treatment. Mixtures of insecticides and Bta in change of the proportion of single-mixed groups, Abamectin + Bta indicated 2 folds synergistic effect over each sole treatment. It’s LC50 and LC90 values were under 5ppm. It is apparent that Bta and insecticides mixtures in appropriated ratio combinations were significantly more toxic than insecticide alone. These insecticide and Bta mixtures seem to be a potential new formulation for controlling DBM in the future. These new formulations posses different toxicity mechanism to DBM and seem to induce resistance to DBM slowly in field use.
參考文獻
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