人工單手抬舉之上肢生物力學分析

Biomechanical Analysis of Upper Extremity for Manual One-handed Lifting Tasks

蕭志宇(Chih-Yu Hsiao)

指導教授 ： 李正隆

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/工業工程與管理系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

日常生活及工作場所由於環境限制或物件特徵，人們會利用單手進行搬運行為。過去研究文獻針對單手抬舉作業，多以坐姿水平面抬舉及腰椎受力情形進行探討，對於站姿垂直面單手抬舉及手部肌群施力負荷之影響，其探討仍為少數。
本研究利用肌電訊號量測模組及三軸力荷重計，收集15位受測者上肢肌群肌電訊號(Electromyography, EMG)、手部抬舉時產生之三軸作用力等資料。抬舉型態包括單手抬舉5種型態及雙手抬舉1種型態。利用實驗室開發的Motion Processor軟體，處理並計算各肌群EMG之均方根及%MVC。三軸作用力方面，則計算其合力與峰值，以觀察三軸作用力之趨勢。
結果顯示，抬舉起始點之改變，對於肱橈肌與肱三頭肌EMG有顯著差異。起始點在右側的抬舉型態，可降低肱橈肌施力負荷約12%MVC。作業型態改變對於三軸作用力之影響，則無顯著差異。單手與雙手抬舉作業的比較，研究發現雙手抬舉峰值會平均分攤於雙手，而單手抬舉之峰值作用力，只能靠作業手承受此一負荷，因此承受作用力較大。因此，從事單手抬舉作業，建議抬舉起始位置應位於身體右側，抬舉時避免軀幹扭轉，同時應減少物件重量，降低手部承受之峰值負荷。

關鍵字

手部作用力 ； 肌電訊號 ； 人工物料搬運 ； 單手抬舉作業

並列摘要

People sometimes use single hand to lift objects at worksites or in daily life due to the environment constraint or object characteristics. The topics of seated horizontal manual lifting and lumbar loads for one-handed lifting task were the main focus in the literature. However, only few studies have been emphasized on the issues of vertical one-handed lifting with erect postures and muscular strain on hand-arm-shoulded system.
An experiment was conducted to collect the biomechanical behavior of upper extremities in the laboratory where two 3-component force transducers and EMG system were performed. Fifteen subjects were recruited. The software of Motion Processor developed in the laboratory was used to compute the root mean square and percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for the tested muscles. The resultant and peak forces obtained from 3-component force transducers were also calculated and observed.
The EMG results showed that there was statistically significant difference between brachioradialis and triceps brachii when the initial lifting location was changed. The decrease about 12% of MVC for brachioradialis was found when the initial lifting location was on the right side of the body. No significant difference for 3-component forces was shown when the lifting patterns were changed. The peak force for one-handed lifting was larger than the average peak values obtained from two-handed lifting. It is recommended that the initial lifting location showed be on the right side of the body and no trunk twisting when lifting is performed. In addition, the object weight showed be decreased to reduce the loads on the hands.

並列關鍵字

EMG ； Hand Exertion ； Manual Materials Handling ； One-handed Lifting

參考文獻

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