高增益串並聯切換電容式升壓直流轉換器的設計與實作

Design and Implementation of High-Gain Serial-Parallel Switched-Capacitor Step-Up DC-DC Converter

郭松穎(Song-Ying Kuo)

指導教授 ： 張原豪

朝陽科技大學/資訊學院/資訊工程系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本篇提出閉迴路之高增益串並聯切換電容式升壓直流轉換器設計與實作，結合相位產生器與脈波寬度調變來控制整個升壓轉換及調節。以切換式電容(SC)為基礎的轉換器不需要任何的磁性元件。即，電感和變壓器。在高增益串並聯切換電容式升壓直流轉換器(High-gain serial-parallel Switched-Capacitor Step-Up DC-DC Converter, SPSCC)中，總共有2個3階切換電容式方塊串接在電源VS與輸出VO之間，而每個方塊有3個幫浦電容以及6個雙向開關。透過使用開關對方塊內的電容進行並聯充電與串聯放電週期性循環，加上前級輸入電壓串接，每個切換式電容方塊可以被看成是一個小型升壓轉換器之4×電壓增益。接著，此SPSCC轉換器只需要使用少數的幫浦電容(總數為6顆)，亦能提升電壓到4×4倍的輸入電壓。此外，本篇採用PWM技術，不僅能透過閉迴路調整來補償實際值與設計值之間的誤差，還能加強輸出電壓對電源的穩定性和負載變化。最後，此閉迴路SPSCC的設計經由OrCAD Pspice來進行模擬，一些例子如下：升壓操作與輸出轉換、輸出漣波百分比、輸出電壓對電源的抵抗能力以及負載變動時轉換器的調節能力。

關鍵字

切換電容式 ； 升壓 ； 脈波寬度調變 ； 高增益 ； 串並聯

並列摘要

A closed-loop scheme of high-gain serial-parallel switched-capacitor step-up DC-DC converter (SPSCC) is proposed by combining a phase generator and pulse-width-modulation (PWM) controller for step-up DC-DC conversion/regulation. The SC-based converter needs no magnetic element, e.g. inductor and transformer. In this SPSCC, there are two 3-stage SC cells in cascade between source VS and output VO, where each cell has 3 pumping capacitors. By using these capacitors charging in parallel and discharging in series, plus the front-stage voltage connected in series, each SC cell can be treated as a small step-up converter with a 4× voltage gain. Thus, this SPSCC is able to boost VO to 4×4 times voltage of VS at most just with the fewer number of pumping capacitors (6 totally). Further, the PWM technique is adopted not only to enhance the output regulation for the compensation of the dynamic error between the practical and desired outputs, but also to reinforce output robustness against source or loading variation. Finally, the closed-loop SPSCC is designed by OrCAD Pspice, and simulated for some cases as:
(1) steady-state response, (2) dynamic response (source/loading variation).

並列關鍵字

serial-parallel ； switched-capacitor ； step-up ； pulse-width-modulation ； high-gain

參考文獻

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[5]S. V. Cheong, S. H. Chung, and A. Ioinovici, “Duty-cycle control boosts dc-dc converters,” IEEE Circuits and Devices Mag., vol. 9, no.2, pp.36-37, 1993.